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Pharmacology > Test 3 Drugs > Flashcards

Test 3 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Benazepril(Lotensin)?

A

ACEI

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2
Q

What is captopril(capten)?

A

ACEI

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3
Q

What is enalapril(vasotec)?

A

ACEI

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4
Q

What is lisinopril(Prinivil)?

A

ACEI

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5
Q

What is Quinipril(Accupril)?

A

ACEI

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6
Q

What is Ramipril(Altace)?

A

ACEI

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7
Q

What is icatibant(Firazyr) MOA? What is the condition it is commonly used against?

A

Blocks bradykinin B2 receptors

Used against Hereditary angioedema (HAE)

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8
Q

What is losartan(Cozaar)?

A

ARB

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9
Q

What is eprosartan(Teveten)?

A

ARB

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10
Q

What is valsartan(Diovan)?

A

ARB

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11
Q

What is irbesartan(Avapro)?

A

ARB

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12
Q

What is candesartan(Atacand)?

A

ARB

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13
Q

What is olmesartan(Benicar)?

A

ARB

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14
Q

What is telmisartan(Micardis)?

A

ARB

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15
Q

What is azilsartan(Edarbi)?

A

ARB

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16
Q

What is aliskiren(Tekturna)?

A

Renin inhibitor

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17
Q

What is Clonidine(Catapress)? What is it’s MOA?

A

Central acting sympatholytic

Stimulates alpha 2 receptors which decreases NE release which causes vasodilation

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18
Q

What is doxazosin(Cardura)? What does it cause?

A

Alpha blocker

Vasodilation

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19
Q

What is prazosin(Minipress)? What does it cause?

A

Alpha blocker

Vasodilation

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20
Q

What is Terazosin(Hytin)? What does it do?

A

Alpha blocker

Vasodilation

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21
Q

What is atenolol(Tenormin)?

A

Selective beta 1 blocker

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22
Q

What is metoprolol(Lopressor)?

A

Selective beta 1 blocker

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23
Q

What is esmolol(Brevibloc)?

A

Selective beta 1 blocker

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24
Q

What is bisoprolol(Monocor)?

A

selective beta 1 blocker

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25
Q

What is propranolol(inderal)? What is a contraindication for this specific drug?

A

Blocks beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

Contraindicated for asthmatic pts

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26
Q

What is carvedilol(Coreg)?

A

Alpha 1 and beta 1 blocker

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27
Q

what is labetalol(trandate)?

A

Alpha 1 and beta 1 blocker

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28
Q

What is diltiazem(Cardizem)? What is it’s MOA?

A

Nondihydropyridine-CCB

Vasodilator
Negative inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect

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29
Q

What is verapamil(Calan)? What is it’s MOA?

A

Nondihydropyridine-CCB

Vasodilator
Negative inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect

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30
Q

What is amlodipine(Norvasc)? What is it’s MOA?

A

Dihydropyridine

Vasodilator

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31
Q

What is nocardipine(Cardene)?

A

Dihydropyridine

Vasodilator

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32
Q

What is nifedipine(Procardia)?

A

Dihydropyridine

Vasodilator

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33
Q

What is nesiritide(Natrecor)? What route is it given in? Is it given in the USA?

A

Synthetic ANH

IV

no longer available in US

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34
Q

What is diazoxide(Hyperstat)? Route? When is it used?

A

Vaso and artery dilator

Oral

Given in HTN emergencies

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35
Q

What is nitroprusside(Nitropress)? Route? When is it used?

A

Vaso and artery dilator

IV

Given during HTN emergencies

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36
Q

What is Epleronone(Inspra)? What organs does it act on?

A

Selective aldosterone blocker

Kidneys
Heart
Vessels
Brain

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37
Q

What is bosentan(Tracleer)? Route? When is it used?

A

Endothelin blocker

Oral

Given for pulmonary HTN and severe HF

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38
Q

What is mannitol(Osmitrol)? Route and why? MOA?

A

Osmotic diuretic

Given IV because it can’t cross membranes

Filtered but not reabsorbed to draw water into urine

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39
Q

What is Acetazolamide(Diamox)? What are the 3 things it is indicated for?

A

CA inhibitor

Glaucoma
Seizures
Acute mtn sickness

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40
Q

What is hydrochlorothiazide(Esidrix, hydroDIURIL)? What is it’s MOA?

A

Thiazide diuretic

Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter

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41
Q

What is chlorothiazide(Diuril)? MOA?

A

Thiazide diuretic

Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter

42
Q

What is metolazone(Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)? MOA?

A

Thiazide like diuretics

Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter

43
Q

What is chlorthalidone(Hydone, Thalitone)? MOA?

A

Thiazide like diuretic

Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter

44
Q

What is indapamide(Lozol)? MOA?

A

Thiazide like diuretics

Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter

45
Q

What is forosemide(Lasix)? MOA?

A

Loop diuretics

Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter

46
Q

What is torsemide(Demedex)? MOA?

A

Loop diuretic

Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter

47
Q

What is bumetanide(Bumex)? MOA?

A

Loop diuretic

Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter

48
Q

What is ethacrynic acid(Edecrin)? MOA?

A

Loop diuretic

Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter

49
Q

What is spirolactone(Aldactone)? MOA? What can it cause in men?

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks aldosterone receptors to keep K+ in blood

Gynecomastia-enlargement of breasts in males

50
Q

What is eplerenone(Inspra)? MOA?

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks aldosterone receptors to keep K+ in blood

51
Q

What is triamterene(Dyrenium)? MOA?

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks ENaC

52
Q

What is amiloride(Midamor)? MOA?

A

K+ sparing diuretics

Blocks ENaC

53
Q

What kind of diuretic is caffeine considered? MOA?

A

Xanthene derivative

Increase blood flow to kidneys and GFR

54
Q

What is conivaptan(Vaprisol)? MOA?

A

ADH antagonist

Blocks v-2 receptor so ADH can’t make aquaporin 2 channels to reabsorb water

55
Q

What drugs are used to Tx angina?

A

Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

56
Q

What is nitrostat? Route? what is the onset time? Preventative Rx or Tx for attack Rx?

A

Nitroglycerin

SL

Quick onset

Used for Tx of acute attack

57
Q

What is nitrobid ointment? Route and where is it given? What time is it given at? Prevention Rx or Tx for attack Rx?

A

Nitroglycerin

Ointment is put on chest and abdomen

Put on in morning and then 6 hrs later

Prevention Rx

58
Q

What is transderm-nitro? Route? Route and where? Preventative Rx or Tx attack Rx?

A

Nitroglycerin

Transdermal patch placed on upper arms or torso

Preventative Rx

59
Q

What is nitroligual? Route? Onset time? Preventative Rx or Tx of acute attack?

A

Nitroglycerin

Pump spray

Quick onset

Tx for acute attack

60
Q

What are the beta blocker used for angina? Selective? Non-selective?

A

Selective beta 1 blockers

  • atenolol(Tenormin)
  • metoprolol(Lopressor, Toprol XL)

Non selective beta 1 and 2 blockers
-propranolol(Inderal)

61
Q

What are the nondihydropyridines CCBs that are used for angina?

A

Verapamil(Calan)

Diltiazem(Cardizem)

62
Q

What are the 4 dihydropyridines CCBs used for angina? What is the MOA? What does it mostly effect?

A

Amlodipine(Norvasc)
Felodipine (Plendil)
Isradipine(Dynacirc)
nifedipine(Procardia)

Blocks influx of Ca2+ in SM to cause vasodilation, mostly effecting arteries

63
Q

What is the preferred therapy for a pt w/ exertional angina? Pt w/ angina and HTN?

A

SL nitrate
Nitrate spray

CCB or beta blocker

64
Q

What is the preferred therapy for a pt w/ variant angina? What is used if the first doesn’t work?

A

CCB

nitrate

65
Q

What is the preferred therapy for a pt w/unstable angina?

A

Anticoagulant therapy
All drugs
Carry nitroglycerin

66
Q

What is Ranolazine(Ranexa) MOA? What type of pts is it used for? What effect does it have on EKG reading? Route

A

Blocks Na from coming into cardio myocyte

For pts that have no effect from other anti angina drug therapy

Prolongs the QT interval

Oral

67
Q

What is ivabridine(Corlanor) MOA? What is it indicated flr

A

Inhibits/slows funny channels in SA node to decrease HR

Indicated for tachycardia pts on beta blockers but having no effect

68
Q

What is dapagliflozin?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

69
Q

What is empagliflozin?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

70
Q

When are cardiac glycosides used?

A

When other drugs for HF don’t work for the pt

71
Q

What is hydrochlorothiazide( Hydrodiuril) specifically used for?

A

Acute HF

72
Q

What is chlorthalidone(Hygroton) specifically used for?

A

Acute HF

73
Q

What is furosemide(Lasix) specifically used for?

A

Acute HF

74
Q

What is spironolactone(aldactone) specifically used for?

A

Acute HF

75
Q

Why are k+ sparing diuretics often combined w/ thiazide and loop diuretics?

A

Because thiazide and loop diuretics help keep the K+ levels down

76
Q

What is hydralazine(Apresoline)?

A

Arterial dilator

77
Q

What is isosorbide dinitrate(Isordil)? What type of pts is it specifically for?

A

Venodilator

For African Americans

78
Q

What does nitroglycerin cause to vessels? What effect does it have on preload or afterload?

A

Venodilator

Decreases preload and afterload

79
Q

What are the 5 effects of AT-2?

A 
Vasoconstriction 
Increase ADH
Increase Aldosterone
Increase salt and H2O appetite
Increase cardiac remodeling
80
Q

What are the preferred beta-blockers for HF? At what dose are the regularly given at?

A

Metoprolol
Carvedilol

Low dose

81
Q

What is Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil)? What race is it specifically for?

A

Miscellaneous drug to Tx HF

African Americans

82
Q

What is milrinone(Primacor)? MOA? Indication?

A

Miscellaneous drugs to Tx

Inhibits PDE3 which causes Inodilation effect

Short term management of HF

83
Q

What is dobutamine? What does it cause? What receptor does it stimulate?

A

Miscellaneous drugs to Tx HF

Increases SV which increases CO

Beta 1 receptors

84
Q

What does inodilation mean?

A

SM dilation w/ positive inotropic effect

85
Q

What sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto)? What effect does each have? Why is this drug so beneficial?

A

ARNi drug

Sacubitril-neprilysin inhibitor
Valsartan-ARB

Promoters reverse remodeling

86
Q

What are the BNP, bradykinin and AT-2 levels w/ Neprilysin inhibitor?

A

Increased BNP
increased bradykinin
Increased AT-2

87
Q

What is sacubitril?

A

Neprilysin inhibitor

88
Q

What is valsartan?

A

ARB

89
Q

How is sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto) take? Indications?

A

P.O. BID

systolic HF

90
Q

What are the contraindications of sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto)?

A
  • angioedema
  • pregnancy/lactation
  • hypotension
  • hyperkalemia
  • decreased kidney function
91
Q

What is digoxin(Lanoxin)? MOA? Indications? Effects on heart?

A

Cardiac glycosides

Blocks Na/K pump which increases Ca2+ in the myocardiocytes

HF and A-fib

Positive inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect

92
Q

Why does digoxin(Lanoxin) cause a negative chronotropic effect?

A

Because it stimulates the vagus nerve which has increased parasympathetic nerves making the HR decrease

93
Q

What way provides the strongest effect of digoxin(Lanoxin)?

A

Giving a does w/ digitalization and then maintenance

94
Q

What can increase the effect of digoxin(Lanoxin)?

A

Hypokalemia

Hypercalcemia

95
Q

What is Digoxin Immune Fab(Digibind)? Route?

A

Antidote for digoxin overdose

Given IV

96
Q

What is the preferred therapy for mild CHF?

A

Decrease Na intake

Diuretics

97
Q

What is the preferred therapy if CHF becomes severe?

A

ACEIs and ARBs

98
Q

If tachycardia is present w/ HF what is the preferred therapy?

A

Low-dose beta-blockers

99
Q

What is the preferred therapy when diuretics and vasodilators don’t work?

A

Digoxin(Lanoxin)

100
Q

What drug is best to use for preferred therapy of CHF? Why?

A

Sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto)

Because it has positive outcomes of reversing cardiac remodeling

101
Q

When should HF drugs be withheld from a pt?

A 
<60HR
>100HR
Anorexia
N/V
Diarrhea
Visual disturbances

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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