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Pharmacology > Antiparkinsons Drugs > Flashcards

Antiparkinsons Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How common is Parkinson’s disease? Which gender is affected more? What’s the ratio?

A 
#2 most common neurodegenerative 
disease

Men> women

3:2

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2
Q

What is MOA of PD? What percent of neurons die before Sx are seen?

A

Degeneration of DA neurons in substantial nigra

80%

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3
Q

What causes Parkinson’s? Give example for each?

A

Genetics
-mutations in several genes

Environment

  • toxins
  • head injuries
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4
Q

Where does ACh come from in the mid brain?

A

Striatum

  • caudate
  • putamen
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5
Q

What does The substantia nigra produce?

A

DA

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6
Q

What does the basal nuclei/ganglia do for the body?

A

Plans, organizes and coordinates motor movement

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7
Q

What are the Sx of PD?

A

TRAP B

Resting tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia 
Postural instability
Bradykinesia
  • speech issues
  • swallowing issues
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8
Q

What type of Therapy is used to Tx PD?

A 
Physical therapy
Speech therapy
Occupational therapy
Exercise
Medication
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9
Q

Which type of therapy for Tx of PD is the most effective in slow progression of the disease?

A

Exercise

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10
Q

What is the precursor for dopamine?

A

L-dopa

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11
Q

What breaks down L-dopa in the periphery?

A

Dopa-decarboxylase

COMT

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12
Q

What inhibits dopa-decarboxylase?

A

Carbidopa

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13
Q

What inhibits COMT in periphery? What inhibits COMT in the brain?

A

Tolcapone(Tasmar)
Entacapone(Comtan)

Tolcapone(Tasmar)

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14
Q

What enzymes break down DA in the brain?

A

COMT

MAO-B

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15
Q

Why drugs inhibit MOA-B?

A

Selegiline(Eldepryl)
Rasagiline(Azilect)
Safinamide(Xadago)

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16
Q

What drugs are D2 receptor agonist and are used for RLS?

A

Pramipexole(mirapex)
Ropinirole(Requip)
Rotigotine(Neupro)

17
Q

What does increased DA in periphery cause?

A

N/V

Tachycardia

18
Q

What 3 things do not cross the BBB?

A

Carbidopa
Dopamine
Entacapone(Comtan)

19
Q

What is the on-off phenomenon of PD? What is the wearing off effect?

A

On-off phenomenon=Sx switching between mobility and immobility

Wearing off effect=over time Sx begin to appear or worsen

20
Q

If DA levels are too high what occurs? DA levels too low?

A

Chorea
Dystopias

PD Sx

21
Q

What is amantadine(Symmetrel)? What Sx does it relieve? What is it’s MOA?

A

DA modulator

Reduces tremors and muscle rigidity

Increase DA release
Blocks reuptake of DA
Anticholinergic properties

22
Q

Why isn’t tolcapon(Tasmar) used very often?

A

B/c it causes liver issues

23
Q

What ADR can happen with entacapone(comtan)?

A

Darken urine and sweat

24
Q

What is added to levodopa/carbidopa to reduce on-off phenomenon?

A

Entacapone(comtan)

25
Q

What is bromocriptine(Parlodel)? What does it do?

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

Decreases PRL

26
Q

What is and ADR for DA agonists?

A

Delusions

Hullucinations

27
Q

What drugs are used for RLS(restless leg syndrome)?

A

Ropinirole(requip)
Pramipexole(mirapex)
Rotigotine(neupro)

28
Q

How long of an effect does carbidopa/levodopa medication have on the body?

A

Medications lasts about 5 years

29
Q

Why should you not eat a protein containing meal one-half hour before or one hour after taking carbidopa/levodopa?

A

Because the protein and levodopa compete for the same Amino acid transporter to enter the brain

30
Q

What are the 5 ADR for carbidopa/levodopa?

A 
N/V
Orthostatic hypotension
Tachycardia
Psychosis
Insomnia
31
Q

What does carbidopa/levodopa cause orthostatic hypotension?

A

Because L-dopa depresses brain stem

32
Q

Why does taking carbidopa/levodopa sometimes cause insomnia? How can you prevent insomnia from occurring?

A

B/c the meds are stimulatory

drugs need to be taken several hours before bed

33
Q

What is benztropine(cogentin)? What Sx does it reduce? What are the ADR of anticholinergics?

A

Anticholinergic

Reduces tremors and muscle rigidity

Decreases saliva
Tachycardia
Miosis

34
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Difficulty speaking

35
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

36
Q

What is the central triad of PD?

A

Bradykinesia
Tremors
Rigidity

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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