Antilipemic Drugs Flashcards
What lipoprotein does APO B100 attach to?
VLDL
LDL
What lipoprotein does APO B48 attach to? Is it considered exogenous or endogenous?
Chylomicrons
Exogenous because it comes from our diet
What damages and increases the rate of atherosclerosis?
Smoking HTN increase LDL Uncontrolled DM Hypothyroidism
What can atherosclerosis in coronary arteries lead to?
MI
What can atherosclerosis in carotid artery lead to?
Thrombotic stroke
What can atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries lead to?
Intermittent claudication
What is intermittent claudication?
Exercising till pain occurs in calf muscle
What is 4 things is cholesterol needed for?
Sex hormones
Cell membranes
Myelin sheaths
Bike
What percent of cholesterol comes from our diet and what percent come from our liver?
Diet= 1/3
Endogenous= 2/3
What can be a r/f of elevated lipid levels?
Family Hx
American diet
How calories effect triglyceride levels?
Increases calories=increase triglycerides
What ages for men and women increase the risk for atherosclerosis? Why is this?
Men>45
Women>55
Women have increased HDL levels more than men
What is the first line to decrease lipid levels?
Diet control
What decreases HDL levels?
Smoking
Obesity
Liver damage
Starvation
What increases HDL levels?
Aerobic exercise
Omega 3 foods
Being female
Why is the formula to figure out LDL levels?
LDL= TC-HDL-(TG/5)
What is the recommended level for LDL and TC levels?
LDL=<100mg/dL
TC=<200mg/dL
What is another name for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Statins
What are the 7 hypolipidemic drug categories?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Cholesterol adsorption inhibitors Simvastatin/ezetimibe(Vytorin) Fibrin acid derivatives Nicotinic acid Mipomerse Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor (MTP)
What do statins do to LDL, VLDL, TG and HDL levels?
Decrease LDL, VLDL, TG
Increase HDL
What increases the effectiveness and half life of statins?
Grapefruit
What are the ADR of statins?
Myalgias
Rhabdomyolysis
What is myalgias?
Leg ache and muscle weakness
What is rhabdomyolysis?
Breakdown on muscles that release CPK and myoglobin into blood which damages the kidneys
What are conditions that can cause rhabdomyolysis?
Statins
MI
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
What levels rise when the liver is being damaged?
AST
ALT
What is the goal for TC levels for a pt on statins in the first 6-8wks?
Have TC levels be < 200mg/dL
What levels should be checked every 6mo when on statins? What levels should be checked every 6-8 weeks for the first 6mo?
AST and ALT
TC, triglycerides, LDL, HDL
What is the ADR of cholestyramine(Questran)?
Constipation
Pt taking cholestyramine(Questran) may need to take what supplements?
Fat soluble vitamins A, D, and K
How must cholestyramine(Questran) be taken?
Comes in powder form and must be taken w/ a liquid
What effect does Metamucil have on LDLs? What products contain metamucil?
Decreases LDLs
Oatmeal
Psyllium
What are ADR of nicotinic acid?
Flushing
Increase uric acid levels
Damage liver
Why does nicotinic acid cause facial flushing?
Nicotinic acid causes prostaglandins to be released which causes vasodilation
What can minimize facial flushing when taking nicotinic acid?
Aspirin
NSAIDs
What should niacin(niaspan,Niacor) be taken with?
A meal
