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Pharmacology > Acid-controlling Drugs > Flashcards

Acid-controlling Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does mucus cells secrete?

A

Mucus

HCO3

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2
Q

What does parietal cells secrete?

A

Intrinsic factor

HCl

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3
Q

What do ECL cells secrete?

A

Histamine

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4
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

Gastric lipase

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5
Q

What do D-cells secrete? What is another name for it?

A

Somatostatin

GHIH

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6
Q

What do G-cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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7
Q

What is the purpose of HCO3?

A

Buffers gastric acid

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8
Q

What is the purpose of intrinsic factor?

A

Activates pepsin

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9
Q

What is the purpose of pepsinogen?

A

Digests proteins

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10
Q

What is the purpose of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

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11
Q

What is the main organ that makes HCO3?

A

Pancreas

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12
Q

What are the 3 hormones that increase acid production?

A

Histamine
Gastrin
ACh

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13
Q

What hormone decreases acid production?

A

Somatostatin

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14
Q

What is important for mucus production?

A

Prostaglandins

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15
Q

What 2 things protect the mucosal cells in the stomach?

A

Mucus

Rapid turnover of epithelial cells

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16
Q

Where do peptic ulcers commonly occur?

A

Stomach

Duodenal

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17
Q

What are 3 things that can cause peptic ulcers?

A

H. pylori
Hyperacidity
Decreased production

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18
Q

What vital sign can change w/ peptic ulcers?

A

Decrease in BP

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19
Q

What food inhibits H. pylori?

A

Broccoli

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20
Q

What medications can cause ulcers?

A

NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

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21
Q

What changes in the 2 autonomic nervous systems can cause ulcers?

A

Increased parasympathetic

Decreased sympathetic

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22
Q

What drinks, things you put in your mouth and FHx can cause ulcers?

A

Alcohol
Smoking
FHx of ulcers

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23
Q

What are the Sx of ulcers?

A 
Heartburn
N/V
Loss of appetite
Hemtemesis
Melena
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24
Q

What medication has the greatest ability to decrease stomach acid?

A

PPIs

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25
Q

What is H. pylori sensitive to?

A

Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Metronidazole
Clarithromycin

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26
Q

What medication is found in Helidac?

A

Tetracycline
Metronidazole
Bismuth

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27
Q

What medication is found in Prevpac

A

Lansoprazole
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin

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28
Q

What are the 2 things bismuth causes to H.pylori?

A

Lysis of H. pylori

Decreased binding of bacteria

29
Q

What are 2 combination drugs that are used to Tc H. Pylori?

A

Helidac

Prevpac

30
Q

What does GERD stand for?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

31
Q

What Sx usually comes after meals w/ GERD?

A

Heart burn

32
Q

What makes pt position makes GERD worse? What should you never do to a pt w/ GERD?

A

GERD gets worse when lying down

Never raise the foot of the bed for a pt w/ GERD

33
Q

What chemicals from GERD can harm to esophagus and cause strictures?

A

Pepsin

HCl

34
Q

If GERD doesn’t get Tx what condition can occur? What happens?

A

Barrett esophagus?

Squamous esophageal cells are converted into columnar cells

35
Q

What are the 3 causes of GERD?

A

Inappropriate relaxation of LES
Increase Acid production
Large meals

36
Q

What can cause relaxation of LES?

A 
Fat
Onions
Coffee
Caffeine
CNS depressants
Mints
37
Q

What can a hiatal hernia cause an increase risk of?

A

GERD

38
Q

What hat are 5 lifestyle Tx for GERD?

A 
Small meals
Decrease offending foods
Weight loss
Elevate head of the bed
Stop eating w/in 3 hours of sleep
39
Q

What is the pros and cons of antacids?

A

Pro=immediate relief

Con= acid rebound

40
Q

What is the pro and con of H2 blockers?

A

Pro=long lasting

Con= takes 30min for pain relief

41
Q

What H2 blockers can be taking w/ any medication?

A

Famotidine(Pepcid)

42
Q

Why is cometidine(Tagamet)?

A

H2 blocker

43
Q

What is famotidine(Pepcid)?

A

H2 blocker

44
Q

What is nizatidine(Axid)?

A

H2 blocker

45
Q

What should not be taken w/ an antacid?

A

H2 blockers

46
Q

What are the indications for H2 blockers?

A 
GERD
Chronic use of NSAIDs
Ulcers
Systemic mastocytosis
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
47
Q

What is systemic mastocytosis?

A

Mast cells in GI that are secreting histamine

48
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrin secreting tumor

49
Q

How long must you wait between taking a H2 blocker and an antacid so they don’t mix?

A

1 hr

50
Q

What is impotence?

A

Erectile dimysfunction

51
Q

What conditions are reversible when taking H2 blockers?

A

Impotence

Gynecomastia

52
Q

Why is misoprostol(cytotec)? MOA?

A

Prostaglandin agonist

Increases the secretion of HCO3 and mucus

53
Q

What does abortifacient?

A

To cause an abortion

54
Q

What can misoprostol(cytotec) cause in a pregnancy? How?

A

An abortion

Causes uterine contractions

55
Q

What do PPIs end in?

A

-prazole

56
Q

What are PPIs indicated for?

A

Ulcer management
GERD
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

57
Q

What drug can reduce the effectiveness of plavix?

A

PPIs

58
Q

Long term use of PPIs can cause what? Why?

A

C. diff diarrhea

Because of the inhibition of HCl production causes increase pH which doesn’t kill spores in stomach

59
Q

What do prokinetic drugs do?

A

D2 antagonist

60
Q

What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? What does it target? When is it given?

A

Prokinetic drug(D2 antagonist)

Targets upper GI

Given before meals

61
Q

What are the 2 anticholinergics for ulcers? What is their MOA?

A

Hyoscyamine(Levsin)
Glycopyrrolate(Robinul)

Decrease acid secretion
Decrease peristalsis

62
Q

What are the indications for anticholinergics(antispasmodics)?

A

IBS
Diarrhea
Diverticulitis

63
Q

What type of antacid cause constipation?

A

Al and Ca containing antacid

64
Q

What type of antacid cause diarrhea?

A

Mg containing antacid

65
Q

What are some ADR for antacids?

A

Acid rebound
Increase sodium
Hypercalcemia
Drug interaction

66
Q

What should you not take w/ an antacid(3)?

A

Oral drugs
Tetracycline
H2 blockers

67
Q

How many hours after a meal should you take an antacid?

A

1-3 hrs

68
Q

What is sucralfate(Carafate)? What ulcers does it specifically Tx? MOA? Systemic action? Does it alter pH?

A

Barrier enhancer

Used to Tx duodenal ulcers

Binds to proteins of damages cells and provides protective layer over damaged mucosa

No systemic action

Does not alter pH

69
Q

What do H2 blockers end in?

A

-tidine

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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