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Pharmacology > CNS depressants and muscle relaxersTest 1 > Flashcards

CNS depressants and muscle relaxersTest 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs bring about calm feelings?

A

Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs)

Tranquilizers

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2
Q

What drugs decrease a desire for physical activity?

A

Sedatives

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3
Q

What drugs put you to sleep?

A

Hypnotics

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4
Q

What is REM rebound?

A

the lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation

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5
Q

What do Benzodiazepines drugs end in?

A

-am

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6
Q

What are benzodiazepines commonly referred to as?

A

Anti-anxiety drugs

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7
Q

How do benzodiazepines work as an anti anxiety medication?

A

Inhibit the limbic system

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8
Q

How do benzodiazepines work as a hypnotic?

A

Inhibit the RAS (reticular activating system)

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9
Q

How do benzodiazepines act as a muscle relaxer?

A

Inhibit signals in the spinal cord

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10
Q

How does benzodiazepines work as an anticonvulsant?

A

Inhibit action potentials in the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

How does benzodiazepines help with alcohol withdrawal?

A

Decreases muscle tremors and seizures

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12
Q

What is Midazolam(Versed)? What is it used for?

A

Conscious sedation for kids before procedure or dentist apt

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13
Q

What is flurazepam(Dalmane)? How long does it act for? What is an ADR?

A

Benzodiazepine

Long acting

ADR: next day drowsiness

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14
Q

What is temazepam(Restoril)? How long does it last? What is a ADR?

A

Benzodiazepine

Intermediate lasting

No ADR

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15
Q

What is triazolam(Halcion)? How long does it last? How long does it take to onset? what is an ADR?

A

Benzodiazepine

Short

Quick onset

ADR: early morning awakenings

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16
Q

What is the MOA for benzodiazepine on Cl- channels on neurons?

A

They keep Cl- channels open longer

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17
Q

What effect do Benzodiazepines have on the sleep cycle?

A

Mess with REM and NREM

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18
Q

What pregnancy category are benzodiazepines considered? What birth defects can they cause?

A

D and X category

-cleft palates and floppy infant syndromes

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19
Q

Do benzodiazepines have a ceiling effect? What does that mean?

A

Yes they do have a ceiling effect

This means that they cannot kill someone or be used as a lethal dose. Increasing dose does not lower CNS

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20
Q

What is somnolence?

A

Tiredness

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21
Q

What are the 4 effects of benzodiazepines overdosage (ADR)?

A

Somnolence
Confusion
Coma
Diminished reflexes

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22
Q

Contraindications of benzodiazepines?

A

Hypotension
Respiratory depression
Using with other CNS depressants

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23
Q

What is flumazenil(Romazicon)? What is it used for?

A

Antidote for benzodiazepines

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24
Q

What is zolpidem(Ambien)? What does taking it cause?

A

DOC hypnotic

Causes increase somnambulism and anterograde amnesia

25
Q

What is somnambulism?

A

Sleep walking

26
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Can’t make new memories

27
Q

What is zaleplon(Sonata)? How quick or slow does it act?

A

Miscellaneous hypnotic

Short acting

28
Q

What is eszopiclone(Lunesta)?

A

Miscellaneous hypnotic

29
Q

What do hypnotics cause? Why are the beneficial?

A

Sleep

Less addictive and don’t disrupt sleep cycles

30
Q

What is released from your brain when it gets dark?

A

Melatonin

31
Q

What does melatonin OTC cause? (3)

A

Sleep onset
Antioxidant
Delays puberty

32
Q

What is ramelteon(Rozerem)?

A

Synthetic melatonin (melatonin agonist)

33
Q

What class of drug is a barbiturate?

A

CNS depressant

34
Q

What does a low dose of barbiturates considered?

A

GABA-hypnotic

35
Q

What does a high dose barbiturate considered?

A

General anesthesia

36
Q

What is phenobarbital(luminal)? How long does it last? what are the ADR?

A

Barbiturate

Long acting

Causes next day drowsiness

37
Q

What is pentobarbital(Nembutal)? How long does it last? what is it used for?

A

Barbiturate

Intermediate acting

Used for lethal injection and seizures

38
Q

What is secobarbital(Seconal)? How long does it last? what is it used for?

A

Barbiturate

Short acting

Can’t fall asleep

39
Q

True or false? barbiturates interfere with NREM and REM?

A

True

40
Q

If barbiturates as discontinued what can happen?

A

REM rebound that can cause nightmares

41
Q

What happens to enzymes with barbiturates?

A

Enzyme induction which causes increased tolerance

42
Q

What are the ADR of barbiturates?

A

No ceiling effect

Interrupt sleep cycles

Paradoxical excitement

43
Q

What is paradoxical excitement?

A

Increased anxiety

44
Q

What is doxylamine(Unisom)?

A

OTC hypnotic and antihistamine

45
Q

What is Diphenhydramine(Sominex)?

A

OTC hypnotic and antihistamine

46
Q

What is acteminophen(extra strength tylenol)?

A

OTC hypnotic and antihistamine

47
Q

What is java and valerian root considered?

A

Hypotics

48
Q

For a hypnotic to be effective how much time before should it be given before bed?

A

30-60

49
Q

Why should benzodiazepines be used with caution on older adults?

A

Because they cause REM interference

50
Q

What should it avoid while taking CNS depressant?

A

Alcohol and other CNS depressants

51
Q

What are the indications for muscle relaxants?

A

Muscle spasms

Multiple sclerosis

Cerebral palsy

52
Q

What is dantrolene(Dantrium? What it’s MOA? Indications? ADR?

A

Muscle relaxant

Blocks RyR1 receptors

MS, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries and malignant hyperthermia

Hepatotoxicity

53
Q

What is tizanidine(Zanaflex)? What is it the DOC for? MOA?

A

Muscle relaxer

DOC for MS

Stimulates alpha receptors on UMN to stop release of NE and glutamate

54
Q

What is baclofen(Lisoresal)? Used a DOC for? MOA?

A

Muscle relaxer

DOC for spinal injuries

Stimulate GABA-B receptors on LMN to increase K+ permeability. Also stimulates GABA-B receptors on UMN to decrease release of NE and Glutamate

55
Q

What is diazepam(Valium)? What class of drug is it? MOA?

A

Muscle relaxer

Benzodiazepine

Stimulates GABA-A on LMN to increase Cl- permeability

56
Q

What are the drugs for local muscle spams?

A 
Orphenadrine(Norflex) 
Chlrozoxazone(Parafon Forte)
Cyclebezaprine(Flexeril)
Carisoprodol(soma) 
Metaxalone(Skelaxin)

A ORPHAN didn’t want to CHLean his laundry so he had to decide whether he wanted to do a Cycle, take a Car or Met A Taxi

57
Q

Where do local muscle relaxers work?

A

Act in brainstem

58
Q

What are the ADR of muscle relaxers?

A 
Euphoria
Lightheaded
Dizziness
Weakness
Drowsiness
Fatigue

Elyse Lits Dad While Doing Flips

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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