CNS depressants and muscle relaxersTest 1 Flashcards
What drugs bring about calm feelings?
Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs)
Tranquilizers
What drugs decrease a desire for physical activity?
Sedatives
What drugs put you to sleep?
Hypnotics
What is REM rebound?
the lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation
What do Benzodiazepines drugs end in?
-am
What are benzodiazepines commonly referred to as?
Anti-anxiety drugs
How do benzodiazepines work as an anti anxiety medication?
Inhibit the limbic system
How do benzodiazepines work as a hypnotic?
Inhibit the RAS (reticular activating system)
How do benzodiazepines act as a muscle relaxer?
Inhibit signals in the spinal cord
How does benzodiazepines work as an anticonvulsant?
Inhibit action potentials in the cerebral cortex
How does benzodiazepines help with alcohol withdrawal?
Decreases muscle tremors and seizures
What is Midazolam(Versed)? What is it used for?
Conscious sedation for kids before procedure or dentist apt
What is flurazepam(Dalmane)? How long does it act for? What is an ADR?
Benzodiazepine
Long acting
ADR: next day drowsiness
What is temazepam(Restoril)? How long does it last? What is a ADR?
Benzodiazepine
Intermediate lasting
No ADR
What is triazolam(Halcion)? How long does it last? How long does it take to onset? what is an ADR?
Benzodiazepine
Short
Quick onset
ADR: early morning awakenings
What is the MOA for benzodiazepine on Cl- channels on neurons?
They keep Cl- channels open longer
What effect do Benzodiazepines have on the sleep cycle?
Mess with REM and NREM
What pregnancy category are benzodiazepines considered? What birth defects can they cause?
D and X category
-cleft palates and floppy infant syndromes
Do benzodiazepines have a ceiling effect? What does that mean?
Yes they do have a ceiling effect
This means that they cannot kill someone or be used as a lethal dose. Increasing dose does not lower CNS
What is somnolence?
Tiredness
What are the 4 effects of benzodiazepines overdosage (ADR)?
Somnolence
Confusion
Coma
Diminished reflexes
Contraindications of benzodiazepines?
Hypotension
Respiratory depression
Using with other CNS depressants
What is flumazenil(Romazicon)? What is it used for?
Antidote for benzodiazepines
What is zolpidem(Ambien)? What does taking it cause?
DOC hypnotic
Causes increase somnambulism and anterograde amnesia
What is somnambulism?
Sleep walking
What is anterograde amnesia?
Can’t make new memories
What is zaleplon(Sonata)? How quick or slow does it act?
Miscellaneous hypnotic
Short acting
What is eszopiclone(Lunesta)?
Miscellaneous hypnotic
What do hypnotics cause? Why are the beneficial?
Sleep
Less addictive and don’t disrupt sleep cycles
What is released from your brain when it gets dark?
Melatonin
What does melatonin OTC cause? (3)
Sleep onset
Antioxidant
Delays puberty
What is ramelteon(Rozerem)?
Synthetic melatonin (melatonin agonist)
What class of drug is a barbiturate?
CNS depressant
What does a low dose of barbiturates considered?
GABA-hypnotic
What does a high dose barbiturate considered?
General anesthesia
What is phenobarbital(luminal)? How long does it last? what are the ADR?
Barbiturate
Long acting
Causes next day drowsiness
What is pentobarbital(Nembutal)? How long does it last? what is it used for?
Barbiturate
Intermediate acting
Used for lethal injection and seizures
What is secobarbital(Seconal)? How long does it last? what is it used for?
Barbiturate
Short acting
Can’t fall asleep
True or false? barbiturates interfere with NREM and REM?
True
If barbiturates as discontinued what can happen?
REM rebound that can cause nightmares
What happens to enzymes with barbiturates?
Enzyme induction which causes increased tolerance
What are the ADR of barbiturates?
No ceiling effect
Interrupt sleep cycles
Paradoxical excitement
What is paradoxical excitement?
Increased anxiety
What is doxylamine(Unisom)?
OTC hypnotic and antihistamine
What is Diphenhydramine(Sominex)?
OTC hypnotic and antihistamine
What is acteminophen(extra strength tylenol)?
OTC hypnotic and antihistamine
What is java and valerian root considered?
Hypotics
For a hypnotic to be effective how much time before should it be given before bed?
30-60
Why should benzodiazepines be used with caution on older adults?
Because they cause REM interference
What should it avoid while taking CNS depressant?
Alcohol and other CNS depressants
What are the indications for muscle relaxants?
Muscle spasms
Multiple sclerosis
Cerebral palsy
What is dantrolene(Dantrium? What it’s MOA? Indications? ADR?
Muscle relaxant
Blocks RyR1 receptors
MS, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries and malignant hyperthermia
Hepatotoxicity
What is tizanidine(Zanaflex)? What is it the DOC for? MOA?
Muscle relaxer
DOC for MS
Stimulates alpha receptors on UMN to stop release of NE and glutamate
What is baclofen(Lisoresal)? Used a DOC for? MOA?
Muscle relaxer
DOC for spinal injuries
Stimulate GABA-B receptors on LMN to increase K+ permeability. Also stimulates GABA-B receptors on UMN to decrease release of NE and Glutamate
What is diazepam(Valium)? What class of drug is it? MOA?
Muscle relaxer
Benzodiazepine
Stimulates GABA-A on LMN to increase Cl- permeability
What are the drugs for local muscle spams?
Orphenadrine(Norflex) Chlrozoxazone(Parafon Forte) Cyclebezaprine(Flexeril) Carisoprodol(soma) Metaxalone(Skelaxin)
A ORPHAN didn’t want to CHLean his laundry so he had to decide whether he wanted to do a Cycle, take a Car or Met A Taxi
Where do local muscle relaxers work?
Act in brainstem
What are the ADR of muscle relaxers?
Euphoria Lightheaded Dizziness Weakness Drowsiness Fatigue
Elyse Lits Dad While Doing Flips
