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Pharmacology > Psychotherapeutic Drugs > Flashcards

Psychotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drugs treat anxiety?

A

Anxiolytics

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2
Q

What type of drugs treat affective disorders? What conditions do they treat?

A 
Antidepressants (depression)
Mood stabilizers (bipolar)
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3
Q

What condition is a psychosis disorder? What is used to treat it?

A

Schizophrenia (antipsychotics)

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4
Q

What are the 5 main anxiety disorders?

A 
Panic disorder without agoraphobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
OCD
social anxiety
PTSD
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5
Q

What are the Sx of a pt with a panic disorder?

A

Increased HR
Hyperventilation
SOB
sweating

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6
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Specifically avoiding certain environments or situations due to possible anxiety attack

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7
Q

What is classifies an individual with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A
  • Pt gets anxiety from regular everyday things
  • interferes with everyday life
  • last longer than 6 months
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8
Q

What are the Sx of GAD?

A

Fatigue

Irritability

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9
Q

What is Obsessive compulsive disorder? Example?

A

A compulsion to do something to deal with an obsession

Germaphobe
Obsession-germs
Complusion-washing hands all the time

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10
Q

What is an example of a social phobia?

A

Public speaking

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11
Q

What type of pt often experience PTSD?

A

Military
First responders
Police

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12
Q

What can cause PTSD? What are Sx of it?

A

An event can cause it

Sx
Flash backs
Night terrors

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13
Q

What physiological event causes anxiety? How can it be caused?

A

Overactive limbic system

Due to
limbic system overacting
personal insecurities
Psychological conflicts

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14
Q

What are the Sx of anxiety?

A 
Sweat palms
Trembling
Nausea
No appetite
Tachycardia
Emotional
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15
Q

What part of CNS effect anxiety?

A

Limbic system

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16
Q

What part of PNS effects anxiety?

A

Sympathetic system

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17
Q

What is the MOA for anxiolytics?

A

GABA-A (increasing Cl- permeability)

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18
Q

What is the Fxn of benzodiazepines?

A

Depress activity of brainstem and limbic system

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19
Q

What are the 4 SOA for Benzodiazepines? What type of drugs are used there?

A

Limbic system-anxiolytics
RAS-sedative, hypnotic
Spinal cord-muscle relaxants
Cerebral cortex- anticonvulsants

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20
Q

What are benzodiazepines indicated for?

A

Alcohol w/drawl

Conscious sedation

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21
Q

What type of benzodiazepines are long acting?

A

Chlordiazepoxide
Clonazepam
Diazepam

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22
Q

What type of long acting benzodiazepine is used for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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23
Q

What type of benzodiazepines are short acting?

A

Alprazolam

Lorazepam

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24
Q

What is Buspirone(BuSpar)? MOA? How often is it administered? Why is it used more than benzodiazepines?

A

Miscellaneous anxiolytic

Blocks 5HT1a auto receptor

Administered BID (2x daily)

Less abuse potential than benzodiazepines

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25
Q

What can cause increased risk of schizophrenia?

A

Environment=drug abuse

Genetics=both parents having schizophrenia (40x chance increase)

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26
Q

What do positive Sx mean?

A

Sx that are added to a pt

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27
Q

What do negative Sx mean?

A

Sx, attitudes and personality that is taken away from pt.

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28
Q

What are the positive Sx of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Thought disorders
Bizarre behavior

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29
Q

What type of hallucinations are seen in schizophrenic pt?

A

Tactile, auditory, visual

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30
Q

What age does schizophrenia usually develop in?

A

16-30yo

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31
Q

What percent of Americans have schizophrenia?

A

1.1%

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32
Q

What are the negative Sx of schizophrenia?

A 
Flattened emotions (robotic)
Emotional/social withdrawal
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33
Q

What are the cognitive Sx of schizophrenia?

A

Short term memory decrease
Attention deficit
-can’t remember or learn new things

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34
Q

What is the physiology of schizophrenia?

A

Increased 5HT and DA in the limbic and cortical pathway

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35
Q

What are possible neuropathways affected by schizophrenia? What do those area effect?

A

Mesolimbic-mood and behavior

Mesocortical-pleasure and reward

Nigrostristal-movement center

Tuberoinfundibular-connected to hypothalamus and pituitary

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36
Q

What does PRL do?

A

Milk production
Breast development
Decrease GnRH
Decrease libido

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37
Q

What is another name for DA? What does it do?

A

PIH

It inhibits prolactin

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38
Q

What types of drugs are used for schizophrenia?

A

5HT2a and DA2 antagonist

39
Q

What are the 2 types of antipsychotics? What do they do?

A

Typical-DA2 antagonists (block DA2 receptors)

Atypical-5HT2a antagonists(block 5HT2a receptors)

40
Q

How long do antipsychotics take to onset?

A

2-3 weeks

41
Q

What is phenothiazine drugs? What does it effect? EPS?

A

Typical antipsychotic

Peripheral effect(highest)

Less EPS

42
Q

What is butyrophenons drugs? What does it effect? EPS?

A

Typical antipsychotic

Less peripheral effect

More EPS

43
Q

What is Thioxanthenes drugs? What does it effect? EPS?

A

Typical antipsychotic

Less peripheral effect

More EPS

44
Q

What is chlorpromazine(Thorazine)? What is it used for?

A

Phenothiazine

Used for schizophrenia/Mental institution drug you can take home

45
Q

What is thioridazine(Mellaril)? What is it used for?

A

Phenothiazine

Used for schizophrenia/mental institution drug you can take home

46
Q

What are the 2 types of phenothiazine medications you can take home?

A

Chlorpromazine

Thioridazine

47
Q

What are the 2 effects of typical antipsychotic drugs? How long does it take to onset?

A

Reduce mania
Reduce agitation

2-3 weeks

48
Q

What type of receptors does typical antipsychotics block? What does is a ADR of that receptor being blocked?

A

DA2, 5HT2a and alpha receptors=orthostatic hypotension

Muscarinic receptors=constipation

Histamine-1 receptor= sleepiness

49
Q

What does EPS stand for? What does it mean?

A

Extrapyramidal syndrome

Movement disorder

50
Q

What is dystopia?

A

Facial/neck spams

51
Q

What is akathesia?

A

Severe restlessness of thighs and abs

52
Q

What is Parkinsonism?

A

Resting tremors

53
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary movements of lips, jaw, tongue and extremities

Usually large movements

54
Q

What are the 4 different types of EPS?

A

Dystopia
Akathesia
Parkinsonism
Tardive Dyskinesia

55
Q

Which type of typical antipsychotics drugs cause EPS?

A

Butyrophenones= Haloperidol(Haldol)

Thioxanthenes= Thiothixene(Navane)

56
Q

What is the MOA for atypical antipsychotics?

A

Block 5HT2a receptors more than DA2 receptors

57
Q

What are the 7 different atypical antipsychotics?

A 
Aripiprazole(Abilify)
Olanzapine(Zyprexa)
Quetiapine(Seroquel)
Risperidone(Risperdal)
Ziprasidone(Goedon)
Paliperidone(Invega)
Lurasidone(Latuda)
58
Q

What is the preferred therapy for schizophrenia?

A

Atypical antipsychotic

59
Q

What is the benefit to ADR for atypical antipsychotics?

A

ADR

  • weight gain
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperlipidemia

Benefits

  • less peripheral
  • less EPS
60
Q

What are the 3 types of depression and examples?

A

Reactive depression
-goes away without drugs

Major Depressive Disorder(MDD)
-d/t biochemical imbalance

Bipolar Mood disorder
-alternating mania and depressive moods

61
Q

What is mania?

A

Very high highs followed by very low lows

62
Q

What is the major cause of depression?

A

Decreases levels of NE and 5HT in brain

63
Q

What are the 3 classes of antidepressants?

A

SSRIs
Atypical SSRIs
TCAs
MAOIs

64
Q

How do SSRIs work?

A

Inhibit 5HT reuptake to increase serotonin in synapse

65
Q

What are the 2 different types of atypical SSRIs? What do they do?

A

SNRIs
-inhibit 5HT/NE reuptake to increase in synapse

NDRIs
-inhibit NE/DA reuptake to increase in synapse

66
Q

What is the MOA for antidepressants?

A

Blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters

67
Q

Where to SSRIs work?

A

Limbic and cortical areas of the brain

68
Q

What are the 6 typical SSRIs? What do they stimulate?

A 
Citalopram(Celexa)
Escitalopram(Lexapro)
fluoxetine(Prozac)
paroxetine(Paxil)
sertraline(Zoloft)
Vortioxetine(Trintellix)

Stimulates CNS

69
Q

What are the indications for typical SSRIs?

A

MDD
PTSD
OCD
Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder(extremely moody)

70
Q

What is used to Tx premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Fluoxetine(Prozac)

Sertraline(Zoloft)

71
Q

What are the ADRs of typical SSRIs?

A
  • decreased libido(sexual dysfunction)
  • suicidal thoughts(first 2-3 weeks)
  • serotonin syndrome
72
Q

What is serotonin syndrome? What are the Sx?

A

Increased serotonin in body increases sympathetic response

Sx

  • tachycardia
  • hyperthermia
  • muscle spasms
  • diaphoresis
73
Q

What are the name of the 6 SNRIs that are atypical SSRIs?

A 
Venlafaxine(Effexor), desvenlafaxine(Pristiq)
levomilnacipran(Fetzima)
duloxetine(Cymbalta)
Trazodone(Desyrel)
vilazodone(Vllbryd)
74
Q

What SNRI is used to induce sleep?

A

Trazadone(Desyrel)

75
Q

What is the NDRI that helps a pt stop smoking?

A

Bupropion(Wellbutrin)

76
Q

What are pharmacogenomic/pharmacogenetics? What is it based on?

A

Using genetics to determine the best medication to give

Based on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

77
Q

What are the two types of TCAs? What do they do?

A

Tertiary amine(increase 5HT more than NE)

Secondary amine(increase NE more than 5HT)

78
Q

What is Nortriptyline(pamelor)?

A

TCA-Secondary amine

79
Q

What is Amitriptyline(Elavil)?

A

TC-tertiary amine

80
Q

What are the 4 ADR of TCAs?

A

Constipation
Orthostatic hypotension
Sleepy
Alterations in EKG

81
Q

What is another name for TCAs?

A

Tricyclics

82
Q

What is the DOC for mania? What does it do?

A

Lithium

Lowers Na+

83
Q

What is the normal range of lithium levels?

A

0.6-1.2 mEg/L

84
Q

What is the DOC for MDD? If that drug doesn’t work what medication is given?

A

SSRIs

Then atypical SSRIs

85
Q

When administering anti-anxiety medication, what should a nurse closely monitor for elderly pt?

A

CNS depression

Liver and kidney function

86
Q

What would a nurse tell a teen pt parent about taking antidepressants?

A

2-3 weeks to onset

Possible suicide tendencies

87
Q

Why would a nurse assist with ambulation of a older pt taking antidepressants?

A

ADR can cause drowsiness and postural hypotension

88
Q

When going out into the sun a pt on phenothiazine should?

A

Wear sunscreen because phenothiazine increase photo sensitivity

89
Q

What shouldn’t be taken with antipsychotics line phenothiazine?

A

Alcohol and CNS depressants

90
Q

What are the 4 uses for benzodiazepine?

A

Anti anxiety
Seizures
Preoperative med
Alcohol withdrawal

91
Q

What atypical SSRI helps with sleep?

A

Trazadone(Desyrel)

92
Q

What time should antidepressants be taken? Morning or night?

A

Mornings

93
Q

What Tx mania and bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

94
Q

What loads the gun and pulls the trigger?

A

Genetics loads the gun and environment pulls the trigger

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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