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Pharmacology > Analgesic Drugs > Flashcards

Analgesic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is codeine used for?

A

Cough suppressant

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2
Q

What is hudrocodone used for?

A

Cough suppressant

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3
Q

What is Dextromorphan OTC (DXM) used for?

A

Cough suppressant

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4
Q

What is morphine sulfate used for?

A

Analgesia

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5
Q

What is hydromorphone(dilaudid) used for?

A

Analgesia

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6
Q

What is fentanyl used for?

A

Analgesia

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7
Q

What is the MOA of opioids in the presynapse? Postsynapse?

A

Presynapse-bind to Mu receptors and decrease Ca2+ permeability=decreases release of glutamate and substance P

Postsynapse-binds to Mu receptors and increases K+ permeability=hyperpolarizes the neuron

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8
Q

What are the name of the receptors that opioid binds to?

A

Mu
Kappa
Delta

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9
Q

Where do opioids work?

A

Spinal cord

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10
Q

What are the only opioid receptors found in the spinal cord?

A

My receptors

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11
Q

What are the indications for opioids?

A

Analgesia
Antitussive
Antidiarrheal

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12
Q

Why would a MD prescribe a pt opioids after a GI surgery?

A

B/c they decrease bleeding

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13
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A 
Heat-calor
Swelling-tumor
Redness-rubor 
Loss of function-functio laeso 
Pain-Dalor
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14
Q

What type of medication is Prednisone?

A

Corticosteroid

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15
Q

Why is asthma a contraindication to using morphine/opioids?

A

B/c opioids release histamine

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16
Q

Why are the ADR of opioids?

A 
CNS depression
N/V
Oliguria
Miosis
Constipation
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17
Q

What is a residual side effect of opioids that are present regardless how long or short you take them?

A

Constipation

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18
Q

Why do opioids cause oliguria?

A

Because they causes the release of ADH

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19
Q

What can long terms use of opioid use cause?

A 
Pharmacodynamic tolerance
Physical dependence (used to stop pain)
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20
Q

An individual using opioids and experiencing euphoria (with zero pain relief) every time he takes it, is considered what?

A

Psychological dependent (addicted)

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21
Q

What are the Sx of opioid overdose?

A 
Decrease BP
Bradycardia
Miosis
Constipation
Decrease RR
Unresponsive
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22
Q

What drug is used to Tx a opioid Overdose?

A

Naloxone(narcan)

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23
Q

What are the Sx of a opioid withdrawal pt?

A
  • seizures
  • agitated
  • diarrhea
  • anxiety
  • pt in excited state
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24
Q

What drugs interact with opioids?

A

Alcohol
Antihistamine
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates

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25
Q

What is the potency ranking of morphine, hydromorphone and fentanyl?

A

Morphine

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26
Q

What are the 4 different route fentanyl can be taken?

A

Buccal
IV
Intranasal
Transdermal

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27
Q

What does diuresis mean?

A

Increased urine production

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28
Q

What drugs are used to relieve pain but are not opioids or anesthetic a?

A

NSAIDS
Corticosteroids
antidepressants
Anticonvulsant

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29
Q

What are some adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain?

A

Amitriptyline (antidepressant)

Gabapentin/pregabalin (anticonvulsant)

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30
Q

What vital sign is pain considered? How is it rated?

A

The fifth vital sign

On a visual analog scale (VAS)-1 to 10

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31
Q

How can a or avoid getting N/V when taking opioids?

A

Eat opioid with food

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32
Q

True of false:pt ambulating on opioids should have an attendant near by

A

True

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33
Q

At what RR should a provider be contacted for a pt on opioid medication?

A

Below 10-12 RR

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34
Q

In order to help w/ opioid medication, what supplements should also be taken?

A

Fiber and water (to help deal with constipation)

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35
Q

How are the two ways you can die with opioids?

A

Decreases BP

Decreased respiratory rate

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36
Q

What part of arachdonic acid activates pain receptors?

A

Prostaglandins

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37
Q

What part of arachdonic acid increase inflammatory response?

A

Prostaglandins

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38
Q

What part of arachdonic acid activates platelet adhesion?

A

Thromboxane

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39
Q

What part of arachdonic acid increases the production of gastric mucus?

A

Prostacyclin

40
Q

What does COX1 work on?

A

All cells

41
Q

What does COX2 work on

A

Inflammatory cells like macrophages

42
Q

What level of pain are NSAIDs used for?

A

Mild to moderate pain

43
Q

What are the indications of NSAIDS?

A 
HA
dental pain
Dysmenorrhea
Join and muscle pain
OA and RA
44
Q

What effect does NSAIDs have on the body?

A

Antipyretic

Anti platelet

45
Q

What level of pain are opioids used for?

A

Moderate to severe pain

46
Q

What drugs causes the most tolerance and dependence?

A

Opioids

47
Q

What drugs causes and increased risk of bleeding? What can prevent that?

A

NSAIDs

Eat the medicine with food

48
Q

What is considered a non-opioid?

A

Corticosteroids
NSAIDs
APAP
Salicylates

49
Q

How much of ibuprofen must be taken to have an anti-inflammatory effect on an adult?

A

600mg

50
Q

What are the OTC dosages of naproxen and ibuprofen?

A

220mg naproxen

200mg ibuprofen

51
Q

What effect does ASA have on the body?

A

Antipyretic
Anti inflammatory
Anti platelet
Analgesic

52
Q

Where does ASA come from?

A

Willow bark

53
Q

What is methyl salicylate? Where is it found?

A

Another salicylate

Found in icy hot patches

54
Q

Why does ASA prevent clots to form?

A

Blocks COX from making thromboxane by permanently

55
Q

What can a lose dose of ASA decrease a risk of?

A

MIs, TIAs and strokes

56
Q

What type of drug is Asacol,Pentasa and Rowasa? What is it indicated for?

A

ASA

Ulcerstice Colitis

57
Q

Why is ASA a good drug to use for pt with polyps or colorectal cancer?

A

B/c polyps use prostaglandins to grow

58
Q

What is the baby ASA dosage?

A

81mg

59
Q

What is adult ASA dosage?

A

325mg

60
Q

What syndrome can be caused due to giving a teen or baby ASA?

A

Reye’s syndrome

61
Q

What are the Sx of a pt with Reye’s syndrome?

A

Rash
N/V
Diarrhea
Liver damage

62
Q

What can kill a pt with Reye’s syndrome?

A

Fatty liver

Swelling of the brain

63
Q

Why is a COX2 inhibitor good for a pt with ulcers and another inflammatory condition?

A

Because it doesn’t hurt the stomach mucus like NSAIDs

64
Q

How does NSAIDs directly and indirectly hurt the GI system?

A

Direct-irritates stomach lining

Indirect-decreases prostaglandins from increasing stomach mucus production

65
Q

How can NSAIDs harm the kidneys?

A

NSAIDs constrict the afferent arteriol in the kidney which decrease the amount of blood the kidneys get

66
Q

How can overuse of NSAIDs effect the ears?

A

Tinnitus(ringing in the ears)

67
Q

How can NSAIDs cause HTN?

A

Because they increase water and fluid retention due to lack of blood flow through kidneys through afferent arteriol

68
Q

Why can a risk of stroke,MI and CHF be caused by Chronic NSAID use?

A

Because of the increased fluid retention from the kidneys d/t a lack of blood flow from afferent arteriols

69
Q

Why shouldn’t an NSAID be taken with an antacid?

A

Because NSAIDs already irritate the gastric lining when no mucus is produced

70
Q

True of false:enteric-coated tablets can be crushed but not chewed?

A

False: they can be neither crushed or crewed because they need to end up in the duodenum to be absorbed

71
Q

What does APAP inhibit? Where is it found?

A

cox3

Normally found in the brain

72
Q

What effect does APAP have on the body?

A

Antipyretic

Analgesic

73
Q

What age is APAP often used for?

A

Kids

74
Q

What can an overdose of APAP cause?

A

Liver failure

75
Q

What is APAP indicated for?

A

Fever
HA
Earaches
Teething

76
Q

Why is APAP good for pt with clotting disorders or peptic ulcers?

A

Because APAP has no effect on the stomach or anti platelets

77
Q

What is the max pediatric dose for APAP?

A

5 doses/day

78
Q

What non-opioid is often carried in opioids?

A

APAP

79
Q

Where does most of your Uric acid come from? What nitrogen bases do they come from?

A

Break down of purines

Adenine and guanine

80
Q

Why can enzyme defects cause gout?

A

Because more proteins gets broken down

81
Q

What foods increase purine consumption?

A

Alcohol, cheese, red meat and beans

82
Q

Why can CKD (chronic kidney disease) lead to gout?

A

Because you can’t excrete the Uric acid

83
Q

What can diabetic ketoacidosis cause gout?

A

Because the acidic environment increase more production of weak acid which doesn’t allow Uric acid to dissolve as well

84
Q

Why does chemo and malignancy of cells cause gout?

A

Because there is a high cell turnover rate

85
Q

Where to urate stone form in the body? (2)

A

Kidneys and joints

86
Q

What are tophi?

A

Deformed joints from gout

87
Q

What does PLA2 do?

A

Turns phospholipids into arachidonic acid

88
Q

What enzymes to NSAID block?

A

cox1 and COX2

89
Q

What part of arachidonic acid increases outflow of ocular tissues?

A

Prostaglandins

90
Q

What enzyme helps make leukotrienes?

A

5-lipoxygenase

91
Q

What are the 5 neurotransmitters that cause N/V when they increase?

A
  • ACh
  • DA
  • 5HT
  • histamine
  • sub P
92
Q

What drugs are used for prevention of gout?

A

xanthene oxidase

Uricosuric

93
Q

What is the Tx of a gout attack?

A

Colchicine
Naproxen
Indomethacin

94
Q

Have a genetic disposition for PD increases the chance of getting PD by how much?

A

20%

95
Q

What does benzodiazepine bind to on GABA-A receptors?

A

BZD-1

96
Q

True or false: APAP is an NSAID?

A

False it has no anti-inflammatory effect

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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