Thyroid and Adrenal Pharmacology and Med Chem

Question 1

What are the major thyroid hormones?

Answer 1

T3 and T4

Question 2

Which thyroid hormone is active?

Answer 2

T3

Question 3

The thyroid is composed of specialized epithelial cells made to absorb what?

Answer 3

Iodine

Question 4

What is the difference between functional and non functional metabolism?

Answer 4

.Functional - convert from inactive to active (T4 to either T3 or rT3)
.Non functional - deactivate T3 after it has completed its function

Question 5

True or false: High concentrations of iodides can inhibit thyroid production and can be used to treat hyperthyroidism

Answer 5

True. Wolff-Chaikoff effect

Question 6

Radioactive iodide is concentrated in which cells?

Answer 6

Thyroid follicular cells

Question 7

Methimazole and propylthiouracil can be used to treat (hypo/hyper) - thyroidism

Answer 7

Hyperthyroidism

Question 8

Why is methimazole contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 8

Associated with aplasia cutis in newborns

Question 9

Amiodarone has what effect on thyroid gland?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Hyperthyroidism
c. Both

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism of what three things?

Answer 10

Carbs, lipids, and protein

Question 11

Mineralocorticoids influence the balance of what two things?

Answer 11

Salt and water retention

Question 12

Cortisol (increases/decreases) blood glucose, amino acids and triglycerides

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

Cortisol’s metabolic effect on bones can lead to what?

Answer 13

Osteoporosis

Question 14

Cortisol’s metabolic effect on lipids can lead to what?

Answer 14

Excess fat deposition on back an neck

Question 15

Cortisol’s metabolic effect on skeletal muscles can lead to what?

Answer 15

. Weakness of proximal limb muscle
. Myopathy of respiratory muscles in COPD patients

Question 16

Hyperaldosteronism is usually associated with (hypo/hyper) - kalemia

Answer 16

Hypokalemia

Question 17

Hypoaldosteronism has what effect on blood vessels?

Answer 17

Vascular collapse

Question 18

Increased sodium leads to (increased/decreased) potassium

Answer 18

Decreased

Question 19

Which drug inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone?

Answer 19

Ketoconazole

Question 20

Which drug can inhibit the terminal conversion of hydrocortisone?

Answer 20

Metyrapone

Question 21

Which drug can inhibit the penultimate step in the synthesis of aldosterone?

Answer 21

Metyrapone

Question 22

Which drug acts as a direct receptor inhibitor in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 22

Mifepristone

Question 23

Why is mifepristone contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 23

Termination of pregnancy

Question 24

What is the drug of choice to treat Addison’s disease?

Answer 24

Hydrocortisone