Substance Use Disorders and Harm Flashcards
Characteristics of acute benzodiazepine withdrawal
. Potentially fatal tonic-clonic seizures
.High CIWA-B or BWSQ scores
What general outpatient taper approach is used?
Reduce 25% weekly every 2 weeks
For people on high BZD doses or who have failed prior tapers
Reduce by 10-25% every 2-4 weeks over a 6 month period
Which patient population is more at risk for unsuccessful taper trials?
Elderly patients
Why is smoked cocaine (crack) generally used more often that IV or intranasal?
Shortest duration of action, need to be dosed more frequently to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Cocaine MOA
Inhibits dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin re-uptake in the presynaptic neuron, leading to effects that are primarily mediated by hyperactivity of DA and NE systems
Which classes of drugs can be used to manage acute methamphetamine toxicity?
.Mixed alpha-beta blockers: Labetalol
.Non-DHP CCBs
Complication of methamphetamines not seen in cocaine use
Severe tooth decay
Complications of cocaine use not seen in methamphetamine use
.Perforation of nasal septum
.Cocaine induced bowel ischemia
True or false: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as a first line alternative to pharmacotherapy in stimulant use disorder
True
Role of endocannabinoid system
Help modulate brain reward function and maintaining emotional homeostasis
Which component of cannabis binds to endogenous endocannabinoid receptors?
THC
True or false: Moderate evidence exists to show increased effect of smoked cannabis on head, neck and lung cancers
False. Moderate evidence exists to show NO effect on head, neck and lung cancers
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome characteristics
. Cycles of intense abdominal pain and intractable vomiting, often refractory to antiemetics
. Responds to compulsive bathing and cessation of cannabis
Cannabis federal schedule
Schedule I
