Analgesics Med Chem Flashcards
Analgesics inhibit the production of ___________
Prostaglandins
Aspirin is a derivative of what compound?
Salicylic acid
What is the difference in structure between aspirin and salicylic acid?
Aspirin has an ester group on the second carbon where salicylic acid has an alcohol group
Aspirin (reversibly/irreversibly) blocks COX
Irreversibly
How long does aspirin’s antiplatelet effect last?
8-10 days
Aspirin blocks
a. COX 1
b. COX 2
c. Both
c. Both
Ibuprofen is a derivative of what compound?
Phenylpropionic acid
Which is a more potent anti-inflammatory? Ibuprofen or aspirin?
Aspirin
Which is a more potent analgesic? Ibuprofen or aspirin?
Ibuprofen
NSAIDs are mostly excreted through which organ?
Kidneys (renally cleared)
Which COX is induced?
COX 2
Which COX is constitutive? (produced in the body at all times)
COX 1
Acetaminophen MOA
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis via CNS inhibition of COX (not peripheral)
Acetaminophen is excreted through which organ?
Liver (hepatically cleared)
What are the three classes of opioid receptors?
– μ- receptor (MOR)
– δ- receptor (DOR)
– κ- receptor (KOR)
What are the targets of aspirin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen?
COX-1 and COX-2
List examples of selective COX inhibitors
a. Celebrex – Celecoxib
b. Aleve – Naproxen
What are the targets of morphine?
Opioid receptors
Important functional groups of morphine
a. Phenolic -OH
b. Aromatic ring
c. N-methyl group
What is the difference between morphine and codeine in structure?
Codeine is methylated (-OCH3) on carbon 3, morphine has an -OH group
What kind of structural modifications can improve bioavailability of morphine?
Acetyl on carbon 3 and 6 masks polar phenyl group, making morphine able to cross BBB easier, then it is hydrolyzed in the brain to form active morphine
What is the difference between morphine and heroine in structure?
Heroin has an acetyl group
What function groups of morphine are kept in meperidine and fentanyl?
Nitrogen, A and D ring
What function groups of morphine are kept in methadone or propoxyphene?
A ring, Nitrogen
List two opioid receptor antagonists
a. Naloxone
b. Naltrexone
