Adrenal Gland Disorders

Question 1

Which type of diabetes is most common in children?

Answer 1

Type 1 diabetes

Question 2

(Endogenous/exogenous) sources are the main cause of hypercortisolemia

Answer 2

Exogenous

Question 3

Cushing’s disease is an ACTH (dependent/independent) presentation of hypercortisolemia

Answer 3

Dependent

Question 4

Difference between Cushing’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 4

.Syndrome - glucocorticoid excess (exogenous mostly)
.Disease - pituitary adenoma causing ACTH hyperproduction

Question 5

Physical presentation of Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 5

.Central obesity
.Peripheral muscle wasting
.Striations (stretchmarks)
.Hypertension
.Diabetes

Question 6

Ketoconazole is a strong substrate and inhibitor of what?

Answer 6

CYP3A4

Question 7

Metyrapone is an inducer of what?

Answer 7

CYP3A4

Question 8

True or false: Etomidate is administered either orally or IV

Answer 8

False. Only IV

Question 9

Mifepristone MOA

Answer 9

Progesterone (and cortisol) receptor antagonist

Question 10

What are the two most prominent etiologies of primary aldosteronism?

Answer 10

.Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) - 65%
.Aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) - 30%

Question 11

Fludrocortisone is a (mineralocorticoid/glucocorticoid) and acts as an exogenous source of what?

Answer 11

Mineralocorticoid. Aldosterone

Question 12

Is Addison’s disease primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 12

Primary

Question 13

Treatment of Addison’s disease composes of which two classes of medication?

Answer 13

Glucocorticoid (hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone) + mineralocorticoid (fludrocortisone)

Question 14

Which class of medication is used to treat secondary adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 14

Glucocorticoids