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iPTX II > ADHD > Flashcards

ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of ADHD?

A

. Combined type with both inattention and hyperactivity symptoms
. Predominantly inattentive
. Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive

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2
Q

Dysregulation of which neurotransmitters are thought to be responsible for clinical manifestations of ADHD?

A

Dopamine and norepinephrine

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3
Q

Dysregulation of which receptors are thought to be associated with ADHD?

A

Dopamine D1 receptors

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4
Q

First line treatment options for ADHD

A

Non-pharm: CBT, psychotherapy, dietary changes, etc.

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5
Q

Which class of drugs is considered first line pharmacotherapy for ADHD?

A

Stimulants

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6
Q

Stimulant classes

A

. Amphetamine
. Methylphenidate

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7
Q

Amphetamines have ______ chiral center(s), and have _______ isomers

A

One, two

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8
Q

In a racemic amphetamine mixture, which isomer is the active compound?
a. d-amphetamine
b. l-amphetamine

A

a. d-amphetamine

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9
Q

What are the two main pharmacological functions of amphetamines?

A

. Prevent dopamine reuptake
. Promote dopamine release

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10
Q

Vyvanse (lisdexamphetamine) is composed of what two key compounds?

A

d-amphetamine covalently bound to L-lysine, metabolized by red blood cells

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11
Q

Methyphenidate has ______ chiral center(s), and has _______ isomers

A

Two, four

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12
Q

Methylphenidate is an inhibitor of which two CYP enzymes?

A

. CYP1A
. CYP2E1

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13
Q

What are the two main pharmacological functions of methylphenidate?

A

. Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
. Weak norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

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14
Q

Dopamine is responsible for which functions in the mesocortical pathway?

A

. Verbal fluency
. Serial learning
. Executive function
. Sustaining attention

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15
Q

Norepinephrine is responsible for which functions in the prefrontal pathway?

A

. Mediating energy/fatigue
. Motivation
. Moderating behavior based on social cues
. Sustaining inattention

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16
Q

Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) MOA

A

Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and releasing agent

17
Q

Why is the recommended dosage of dexmethylphenidate half or the recommended methylphenidate dose?

A

Dexmethylphenidate is the isolated active dextro-isomer of the racemic mixture of methylphenidate

18
Q

Adderall is a mixture of _______ amphetamine salts

A

Four

19
Q

Atomoxetine MOA

A

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI)

20
Q

Clonidine and guanfacine MOA

A

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Presynaptically inhibit norepinephrine release and post-synaptically increase blood flow to the prefrontal cortex

21
Q

ADHD symptoms should be present for how long prior to diagnosis?

A

6 months

22
Q

How many inattention, hyperactivity or combo symptoms should be present for ADHD diagnosis in ages 16 and under?

A

6 or more

23
Q

How many inattention, hyperactivity or combo symptoms should be present for ADHD diagnosis in ages 17 and over?

A

5 or more

24
Q

ADHD symptoms must be present in how many settings for diagnosis?

A

2 or more settings (home, school, work, with freinds, etc.)

25
Q

Classify the following methylphenidate products as short acting, intermediate acting, or long acting?
a. Ritalin
b. Ritalin LA
c. Concerta
d. Methylphenidate SR
e. Methylin
f. Ritalin SR
g. Metadate CD
h. Metadate ER
i. Methylin ER

A

a. Ritalin - short acting
b. Ritalin LA - long acting
c. Concerta - long acting
d. Methylphenidate SR - intermediate acting
e. Methylin - short acting
f. Ritalin SR - intermediate acting
g. Metadate CD - long acting
h. Metadate ER - intermediate acting
i. Methylin ER - intermediate acting

26
Q

Classify the following dextroamphetamine products as short acting, intermediate acting, or long acting?
a. Dexedrine spansule
b. Dextroamphetamine
c. Dexedrine
d. Vyvanse
e. Zenzedi

A

a. Dexedrine spansule - intermediate acting
b. Dextroamphetamine - short acting
c. Dexedrine - short acting
d. Vyvanse - long acting
e. Zenzedi - short acting

27
Q

True or false: All capsule formulation may be opened and sprinkled on a small amount of applesauce and taken immediately

A

False. Vyvanse may not be opened

28
Q

Daytrana patch should be administered how many hours prior to desired effect?

A

2 hours

iPTX II (41 decks)

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