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Principles of Disease > Thrombosis and Clotting > Flashcards

Thrombosis and Clotting Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells line the small artery

A

Endothelial cells

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2
Q

What do the endothelial cells make

A

The basal lamina

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3
Q

What surrounds the basal lamina

A

Smooth muscle cells

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4
Q

What structure surrounds the smooth muscle cells

A

Interstitial collagen fibres

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5
Q

What does the lumen of the artery contains

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Plasma

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6
Q

Platelets are ____ normally exposed to the interstitial collagen fibres

A

NOT

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7
Q

What does plasma consist of

A

Water and numerous proteins and molecules

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8
Q

Plasma is_____

A

Blood without RBCs, WBCs and platelets and contains clotting factors

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9
Q

Serum is_____

A

Plasma without clotting factors

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10
Q

Where are clotting factors made

A

Liver or by endothelial cells

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11
Q

What are clotting factors

A

An amplification system resulting in thrombin production

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12
Q

Function of thrombin

A

Turn soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

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13
Q

Clotting Cascade

A
  1. Damage
  2. Tissue Factor
  3. Prothrombin»>Thrombin
  4. Thrombin turns fibronogen to Fibrin
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14
Q

What is meant my damage

A
  1. Exposure of interstitial collagen to plasma

2. Exposure of a molecule called Tissue Factor

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15
Q

Plasma clotting factors are activated when____

A

Interstitial collagen comes into contact with plasma

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16
Q

Where is Tissue Factor released from

A

Smooth muscle cells

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17
Q

What initiates the clotting cascade

A

Tissue factor binding to clotting factors

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18
Q

Many clotting factors are_____

A

Serine proteases

19
Q

How do clotting factors activate other clotting factors

A

Cleave serine amino acid and produces a redundant fragment

20
Q

Clotting cascade leads to the production of _____ from ______

A

Thrombin and Prothrombin

21
Q

Function of Prothrombin

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble)

22
Q

Endpoint of clotting cascade

A

Production of insoluble fibrin strands that form a meshwork

23
Q

Where are platelets produced

A

Bone marrow

24
Q

What cell are platelets produced from

A

Megakaryocyte

25
Q

Megakaryocyte undergo____ not not _____

A

nuclear division and cell division

26
Q

Platelets bud off as fragments from cytoplasmic extensions____

A

From megakaryocytes

27
Q

Function of platelets

A

When interstitial collagen is exposed they try to bridge the gap

28
Q

2 types of coagulation

A

Thrombus and clot formation

29
Q

Thrombus formation occurs in______

A

flowing blood

30
Q

What colour is a pure thrombus

A

pale cream

31
Q

What does a thrombus consist of

A

Mesh like network of fibrin strands and platelets

32
Q

Why does a thrombus of platelets and fibrin occur in flowing blood

A

Platelets have molecules on their surface which allow adherence to IC

33
Q

Clot formation is___

A

blood leaking out of the vessel and becomes stationary/stagnant

34
Q

What does a clot consist of____

A

meshlike network of fibrin and RBCs

35
Q

Vasoconstriction helps ____ bleeding

A

Reduce bleeding

36
Q

When new vessel grow into area of wound

A

Granulation tissue forms

37
Q

Thrombosis is bad if___

A

It blocks the vessel

Causes stagnant blood behind it- clotting

38
Q

How is excess thrombus or clot removed

A

Through fibrinolytic system

39
Q

What is the fibronolytic system

A

Plasminogen is converted to plasmin which cuts fibrin into degradation products

40
Q

Plasmin generation limits_____

A

extent of thrombus

41
Q

Thrombosis and clotting are normal in

A

Wound healing
Menstruation
Embryonic processes

42
Q

Thrombosis is abnormal if it occurs in

A

Abnormal vessel walls
Blood with abnormal constituents
Vessels with abnormal vessel flow

43
Q

Virchow’s Triad

A

Abnormal vessel walls
Blood with abnormal constituents
Vessels with abnormal vessel flow

Principles of Disease (32 decks)

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