Thrombosis and Clotting Flashcards
What type of cells line the small artery
Endothelial cells
What do the endothelial cells make
The basal lamina
What surrounds the basal lamina
Smooth muscle cells
What structure surrounds the smooth muscle cells
Interstitial collagen fibres
What does the lumen of the artery contains
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Plasma
Platelets are ____ normally exposed to the interstitial collagen fibres
NOT
What does plasma consist of
Water and numerous proteins and molecules
Plasma is_____
Blood without RBCs, WBCs and platelets and contains clotting factors
Serum is_____
Plasma without clotting factors
Where are clotting factors made
Liver or by endothelial cells
What are clotting factors
An amplification system resulting in thrombin production
Function of thrombin
Turn soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
Clotting Cascade
- Damage
- Tissue Factor
- Prothrombin»>Thrombin
- Thrombin turns fibronogen to Fibrin
What is meant my damage
- Exposure of interstitial collagen to plasma
2. Exposure of a molecule called Tissue Factor
Plasma clotting factors are activated when____
Interstitial collagen comes into contact with plasma
Where is Tissue Factor released from
Smooth muscle cells
What initiates the clotting cascade
Tissue factor binding to clotting factors
Many clotting factors are_____
Serine proteases
How do clotting factors activate other clotting factors
Cleave serine amino acid and produces a redundant fragment
Clotting cascade leads to the production of _____ from ______
Thrombin and Prothrombin
Function of Prothrombin
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble)
Endpoint of clotting cascade
Production of insoluble fibrin strands that form a meshwork
Where are platelets produced
Bone marrow
What cell are platelets produced from
Megakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte undergo____ not not _____
nuclear division and cell division
Platelets bud off as fragments from cytoplasmic extensions____
From megakaryocytes
Function of platelets
When interstitial collagen is exposed they try to bridge the gap
2 types of coagulation
Thrombus and clot formation
Thrombus formation occurs in______
flowing blood
What colour is a pure thrombus
pale cream
What does a thrombus consist of
Mesh like network of fibrin strands and platelets
Why does a thrombus of platelets and fibrin occur in flowing blood
Platelets have molecules on their surface which allow adherence to IC
Clot formation is___
blood leaking out of the vessel and becomes stationary/stagnant
What does a clot consist of____
meshlike network of fibrin and RBCs
Vasoconstriction helps ____ bleeding
Reduce bleeding
When new vessel grow into area of wound
Granulation tissue forms
Thrombosis is bad if___
It blocks the vessel
Causes stagnant blood behind it- clotting
How is excess thrombus or clot removed
Through fibrinolytic system
What is the fibronolytic system
Plasminogen is converted to plasmin which cuts fibrin into degradation products
Plasmin generation limits_____
extent of thrombus
Thrombosis and clotting are normal in
Wound healing
Menstruation
Embryonic processes
Thrombosis is abnormal if it occurs in
Abnormal vessel walls
Blood with abnormal constituents
Vessels with abnormal vessel flow
Virchow’s Triad
Abnormal vessel walls
Blood with abnormal constituents
Vessels with abnormal vessel flow
