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Principles of Disease > Introduction to Parasites > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite

A

an organism that lives in another organism (host) and gets its food at the expense of the host

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2
Q

Protozoa

A 
Coccidia (Malaria)
Amoebae
Flagellates
Cilates
Microsporidia
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3
Q

Helminths (worms)

A

Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flatworms

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4
Q

Arthropods

A

Lice
Ticks
Mites

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5
Q

Plasmodium species of malaria

A

P. falciparum

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6
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

fever, chills and flu-like symptoms

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7
Q

Vector for malaria

A

Mosquito (Anopheles)

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8
Q

Stages of infection in malaria

A
  1. Spoirozoites injected under skin
  2. travel through blood to liver
  3. Mature and enter circulation as merozoites
  4. Invade red cells, multiply and lyse and reinvade more cells
  5. Gametocytes are taken up mosquitos
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9
Q

Thin Blood Smear

A

Fixed in methanol and allows identification of species and quantification

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10
Q

Thick Blood Smear

A

Increased sensitivity but limited parasite morphology. Not fixed in methanol

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11
Q

Malaria control

A

Insecticide, mosquito nets, prophylaxis

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12
Q

Amoebic Dysentry

A

Diarrhoea with blood

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13
Q

Trophozoites ingest red cells by throwing out pseudopodia

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

Detection of amoebea infection

A

Microscopy of cysts found in stools

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15
Q

Leishmaniasis species

A

Flagellate

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16
Q

What does it cause and Where is Leishmaniasis found

A

Skin or mucosal ulceration. Can be cutaneous or muco-cutaneous

17
Q

Cause of Leishmaniasis infections

A

Sandflies- black fever

18
Q

Nematodes

A

Round worms

19
Q

Cestodes

A

Tape worm

20
Q

Trematodes

A

Flat worms

21
Q

Nematodes Species and Features

A

Enterobius (pin worm)- found in children

Ascaris lumbricodes- Loeffler’s syndrome- respiratory illness caused by accumulation of eosinophils

22
Q

Cestodes Species and Features

A

Taenia saginata- beef
Taenia solium - pork and causes Cysticercosis through ingestion of eggs
Echinococcus- carried by animals and form hyatid cysts in liver

23
Q

Trematodes Species and Features

A 
Schistosomiasis 
S. haematobium (bladder)
S. mansoni (intestinal)
S. japomicum (intestinal)
penetrate body of snail --> Carcaria emerge from snails --> penetrate human skin---Lungs to liver- lay eggs in bladder and mesentry = Katayma fever
24
Q

Katyama Fever

A

Schistosomiasis (Flat worm)

25
Q

Carcaria emerge from snails

A

Schistosomiasis (Flat worm)

26
Q

S. haematobium (bladder)
S. mansoni (intestinal)
S. japomicum (intestinal)

A

Schistosomiasis (Flat worm)

27
Q

Elevated eosinophilia and elevated levels of IgE

A

Helminth infection (worm)

28
Q

Diagnosis of parasite infection

A

Microscopy
Blood films
Serology

Principles of Disease (32 decks)

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