Therapeutic Options

Question 1

Methods to prevent cancer

Answer 1

Environment
Diet
Screening
Genetics
Medication/Vaccination

Question 2

Treatment

Answer 2

Local/regional

Systemic

Question 3

Local/Regional

Answer 3

Surgery and Radiotherapy

Question 4

Systemic

Answer 4

Hormonal
Chemotherapy
Whole body irradiation for BMT

Question 5

4 important biological factors influencing the responses of tumours to radiotherapy

Answer 5

Repair
Reassortment
Repopulation
Reoxygenation

Question 6

Hormone Therapy

Answer 6

Tamoxifen and ER positive breast cancer

Question 7

Adjuvant

Answer 7

Surgery follow up

Question 8

Neo-adjuvant

Answer 8

Shrink tumour before surgery

Question 9

Immunotherapy

Answer 9

Monocolonal antibodies
Use of PDL-1 on cancer cells and PD1 on T cells: Therapies that target either PD-1 or PD-L1 can stop them from attaching and help keep cancer cells from hiding

Question 10

Use of PDL-1 and PD1

Answer 10

To treat melanoma and lung cancer

Question 11

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells

Answer 11

1. Take blood for patients and separate out T cells
2. Disarmed virus is used to produce receptors on T cells (CAR)
3. Allow the T cells to recognise and attach to specific proteins or antigen on tumour cells
4. T cells are infused into patients

Question 12

Staging of cancer uses ______

Answer 12

CT, MRI, USS, PET

Pathology and Cytology