Drug Distribution

Question 1

For a drug to be active it must______

Answer 1

Leave the circulation and enter the inter or intracellular spaces

Question 2

Plasma Protein Binding

Answer 2

The degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood

Question 3

Less bound drug is ______

Answer 3

More efficiently able to diffuse into cell membranes

Question 4

Blood proteins that bind to drugs

Answer 4

Serum albumin, lipoprotein, glycoproteins and alpha, beta and gamma globulins

Question 5

An increase in unbound drugs _______in toxicity

Answer 5

Increases

Question 6

Only unbound drugs are_______

Answer 6

Biologically active

Question 7

The binding of drugs to proteins in the blood is ______

Answer 7

Reversible

Question 8

Tissue Perfusion

Answer 8

Passage of fluids from the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue

Question 9

Lipid soluble drugs enter_____

Answer 9

Highly perfused tissues such as lungs, kidney, liver, heart and brain

Question 10

What happens if a lipid soluble drug is given to a person with more adipose tissue

Answer 10

The drug is stored in the fat and acts as a reservoir of the drug

Question 11

Volume of Distribution

Answer 11

the degree to which a drug is distributed in body tissue rather than the plasma

Question 12

Low Volume of Distribution

Answer 12

Drug stays in vasculature and does not enter tissues

Question 13

High Volume of Distribution

Answer 13

Lipid soluble drugs will enter brain, liver

Question 14

What is the VOD for 1g of drug

Answer 14

1000mg/8L = 125 mg/L

Question 15

Metabolism of drug

Answer 15

Hepatic

Question 16

Removal of drug

Answer 16

Renal

Question 17

What is clearance of a drug measured in

Answer 17

ml/min

Question 18

In renal what is clearance dependent on

Answer 18

Urine flow and concentration

Question 19

In hepatic what is clearance dependent on

Answer 19

Bilary excretion and metabolism

Question 20

Half-life

Answer 20

Amount of time a drugs plasma concentration drops from maximum to half

Question 21

Half-life duration

Answer 21

4 hours

Question 22

What does the half-life depend on

Answer 22

VOD and clearance

Question 23

An increase in half-life

Answer 23

Increases plasma concentration
Increases toxicity
Decrease in clearance
Increase in VOD

Question 24

Steady State Concentration

Answer 24

Overall intake of a drug is fairly in a dynamic equilibrium with its elmination

Question 25

Drug elmination

Answer 25

The removal of active drug and metabolites from the body

Question 26

Drug elimination is made up of 2 parts

Answer 26

Drug metabolism

Drug Excretion

Question 27

Excretion is carried out by ________

Answer 27

Kidneys

Question 28

What is the process of excretion

Answer 28

Glomerular filtration
Passive tubular reabsorption
Active tubular secretion

Question 29

What does bilary secretion lead to

Answer 29

Conjugation of drug

Question 30

What is conjugation

Answer 30

a reaction that couples the drug or its metabolites to another molecule to increase its solubility in the bile

Question 31

Enterohepatic Circulation

Answer 31

Metabolised in liver, excreted into the bile passed to the intestinal lumen and returned to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

Question 32

Drugs that undergo Enterohepatic Circulation

Answer 32

Methadone
Morphine
Amphetamine
Metronidazle
Estradiol

Question 33

Glomerular Filtration

Answer 33

All unbound drugs filtered into the glomerulus

Question 34

Passive tubular reabsorption

Answer 34

allows drug to move back into circulation and occurs at distal tube and collecting duct

Question 35

Active tubular secretion

Answer 35

Some drugs are actively secreted into the proximal tube