Genetic Predisposition to Cancer

Question 1

Oncogenes

Answer 1

accelerate cell division

Question 2

Tumour Supressor genes

Answer 2

Cell brakes for cell growth

Question 3

DNA damage-response genes

Answer 3

Repair mechanics for DNA

MLH1, MSH2, MSH6

Question 4

MSI is__

Answer 4

the phenotypic evidence that MMR is not functioning normally

Question 5

Cells with abnormally functioning MMR tend to

Answer 5

accumulate errors

Question 6

Dysplastic

Answer 6

benign but could progress to malignancy

Question 7

Other causes of cancer

Answer 7

Autosomal recessive syndrome- MYH polyposis
Multiple modifier genes
De novo mutations

Question 8

Most cancer susceptibility genes are

Answer 8

dominant with incomplete penetrance

Question 9

Features of Retinoblastoma

Answer 9

Most common eye tumour in children
Can occur in heritable and non heritable forms
Important to identify at-risk infants

Question 10

Risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 10

ageing
Family history
Early Menarche
Late menopause
Nullparity
Oestrogen use
Diet
Lack of exercise

Question 11

Cause of hereditary breast cancer

Answer 11

BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN

Question 12

Risk factor for colorectal cancer

Answer 12

Ageing
Personal history of CRC or adenomas
High fat, low fibre
IBD
Family history

Question 13

Hereditary CRC non-polyposis

Answer 13

Few adenomas

Tumour site throughout colon

Question 14

Hereditary CRC polyposis

Answer 14

Multiple adenomas
FAP
AFAP
MAP