Storing and Using Genetic Information

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

Physical

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

Genetic

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

Function is dependent on shape (primary structure)

Question 4

Nucleotide

Answer 4

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate group

Question 5

Nitogenous bases

Answer 5

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (RNA)

Question 6

Major groove

Answer 6

Occurs when back bones are far apart. Transcription factor proteins interact and recognise base pairs in this section

Question 7

Minor groove

Answer 7

Occurs when back bones are close together and therefore proteins cannot access site

Question 8

Guanine

Answer 8

Cytosine (3 H bonds)

Question 9

Adenine

Answer 9

Thymine (2 H bonds)

Question 10

Adenine

Answer 10

Uracil (2 H bonds) RNA

Question 11

H bonds

Answer 11

Easy to break relative to covalent bonds

Question 12

Largest organelle

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

Second most genetic material in cell

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

Diameter of the nucleus

Answer 14

5-10um

Question 15

Site of ribosome biogenesis

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

Chromosome

Answer 16

Tightly packed DNA

Question 17

Structure only found during mitosis

Answer 17

Chromosome

Question 18

Chromosomes that are packaged by 8 histones (nucleosome)

Answer 18

Chromatin

Question 19

Nucleosome are further condensed into

Answer 19

Chromosome

Question 20

Heterochromatin

Answer 20

compact and inactive

Question 21

Eurochromatin

Answer 21

open and active

Question 22

Transcription

Answer 22

Involves copying DNA into RNA

Question 23

Nucleosome and folding of chromatin act as

Answer 23

barrier to enzymes, that help with regulation

Question 24

Can be methylated to loosen grip and allow access

Answer 24

Methylation

Question 25

DNA replication

Answer 25

Copying DNA to form 2 identical copes

Question 26

DNA replication

Answer 26

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 27

DNA replication is

Answer 27

Semi-conservative
Bi-directional
Replicated 5’ to 3’ prime direction

Question 28

Lagging strand is replicated using_____

Answer 28

Okazaki fragments

Question 29

Exons

Answer 29

Coding regions

Question 30

Introns

Answer 30

Non-coding regions

Question 31

Degenerative/Redundancy

Answer 31

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

Question 32

Single point mutation

Answer 32

Sickle Cell- Glutamate to Valine

Question 33

mRNA

Answer 33

Carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome to be translated to proteins

Question 34

tRNA

Answer 34

Each amino acid has its own tRNA. mRNA carries the codon to corresponding to it

Question 35

rRNA

Answer 35

Move mRNA molecules along and catalyses the assembly of amino acids and polypeptide chains

Question 36

A sequence has multiple______

Answer 36

Reading frames