Storing and Using Genetic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical

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2
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic

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3
Q

Protein

A

Function is dependent on shape (primary structure)

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4
Q

Nucleotide

A

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate group

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5
Q

Nitogenous bases

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (RNA)

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6
Q

Major groove

A

Occurs when back bones are far apart. Transcription factor proteins interact and recognise base pairs in this section

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7
Q

Minor groove

A

Occurs when back bones are close together and therefore proteins cannot access site

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8
Q

Guanine

A

Cytosine (3 H bonds)

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9
Q

Adenine

A

Thymine (2 H bonds)

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10
Q

Adenine

A

Uracil (2 H bonds) RNA

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11
Q

H bonds

A

Easy to break relative to covalent bonds

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12
Q

Largest organelle

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Second most genetic material in cell

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

Diameter of the nucleus

A

5-10um

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15
Q

Site of ribosome biogenesis

A

Nucleolus

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16
Q

Chromosome

A

Tightly packed DNA

17
Q

Structure only found during mitosis

A

Chromosome

18
Q

Chromosomes that are packaged by 8 histones (nucleosome)

19
Q

Nucleosome are further condensed into

A

Chromosome

20
Q

Heterochromatin

A

compact and inactive

21
Q

Eurochromatin

A

open and active

22
Q

Transcription

A

Involves copying DNA into RNA

23
Q

Nucleosome and folding of chromatin act as

A

barrier to enzymes, that help with regulation

24
Q

Can be methylated to loosen grip and allow access

A

Methylation

25
DNA replication
Copying DNA to form 2 identical copes
26
DNA replication
Mitosis and Meiosis
27
DNA replication is
Semi-conservative Bi-directional Replicated 5' to 3' prime direction
28
Lagging strand is replicated using_____
Okazaki fragments
29
Exons
Coding regions
30
Introns
Non-coding regions
31
Degenerative/Redundancy
Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
32
Single point mutation
Sickle Cell- Glutamate to Valine
33
mRNA
Carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome to be translated to proteins
34
tRNA
Each amino acid has its own tRNA. mRNA carries the codon to corresponding to it
35
rRNA
Move mRNA molecules along and catalyses the assembly of amino acids and polypeptide chains
36
A sequence has multiple______
Reading frames