Storing and Using Genetic Information Flashcards
Phenotype
Physical
Genotype
Genetic
Protein
Function is dependent on shape (primary structure)
Nucleotide
Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate group
Nitogenous bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (RNA)
Major groove
Occurs when back bones are far apart. Transcription factor proteins interact and recognise base pairs in this section
Minor groove
Occurs when back bones are close together and therefore proteins cannot access site
Guanine
Cytosine (3 H bonds)
Adenine
Thymine (2 H bonds)
Adenine
Uracil (2 H bonds) RNA
H bonds
Easy to break relative to covalent bonds
Largest organelle
Nucleus
Second most genetic material in cell
Mitochondria
Diameter of the nucleus
5-10um
Site of ribosome biogenesis
Nucleolus
Chromosome
Tightly packed DNA
Structure only found during mitosis
Chromosome
Chromosomes that are packaged by 8 histones (nucleosome)
Chromatin
Nucleosome are further condensed into
Chromosome
Heterochromatin
compact and inactive
Eurochromatin
open and active
Transcription
Involves copying DNA into RNA
Nucleosome and folding of chromatin act as
barrier to enzymes, that help with regulation
Can be methylated to loosen grip and allow access
Methylation