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Principles of Disease > Storing and Using Genetic Information > Flashcards

Storing and Using Genetic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical

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2
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic

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3
Q

Protein

A

Function is dependent on shape (primary structure)

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4
Q

Nucleotide

A

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate group

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5
Q

Nitogenous bases

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (RNA)

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6
Q

Major groove

A

Occurs when back bones are far apart. Transcription factor proteins interact and recognise base pairs in this section

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7
Q

Minor groove

A

Occurs when back bones are close together and therefore proteins cannot access site

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8
Q

Guanine

A

Cytosine (3 H bonds)

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9
Q

Adenine

A

Thymine (2 H bonds)

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10
Q

Adenine

A

Uracil (2 H bonds) RNA

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11
Q

H bonds

A

Easy to break relative to covalent bonds

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12
Q

Largest organelle

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Second most genetic material in cell

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

Diameter of the nucleus

A

5-10um

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15
Q

Site of ribosome biogenesis

A

Nucleolus

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16
Q

Chromosome

A

Tightly packed DNA

17
Q

Structure only found during mitosis

A

Chromosome

18
Q

Chromosomes that are packaged by 8 histones (nucleosome)

19
Q

Nucleosome are further condensed into

A

Chromosome

20
Q

Heterochromatin

A

compact and inactive

21
Q

Eurochromatin

A

open and active

22
Q

Transcription

A

Involves copying DNA into RNA

23
Q

Nucleosome and folding of chromatin act as

A

barrier to enzymes, that help with regulation

24
Q

Can be methylated to loosen grip and allow access

A

Methylation

25
Q

DNA replication

A

Copying DNA to form 2 identical copes

26
Q

DNA replication

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

27
Q

DNA replication is

A

Semi-conservative
Bi-directional
Replicated 5’ to 3’ prime direction

28
Q

Lagging strand is replicated using_____

A

Okazaki fragments

29
Q

Exons

A

Coding regions

30
Q

Introns

A

Non-coding regions

31
Q

Degenerative/Redundancy

A

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

32
Q

Single point mutation

A

Sickle Cell- Glutamate to Valine

33
Q

mRNA

A

Carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome to be translated to proteins

34
Q

tRNA

A

Each amino acid has its own tRNA. mRNA carries the codon to corresponding to it

35
Q

rRNA

A

Move mRNA molecules along and catalyses the assembly of amino acids and polypeptide chains

36
Q

A sequence has multiple______

A

Reading frames

Principles of Disease (32 decks)

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