Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Disease

Question 1

What is a Hypersensitivity

Answer 1

A condition in which the immune system, which normally serves a protective role, has a harmful effect

Question 2

Allergy

Answer 2

Abnormal immunological response to an otherwise harmless environmental stimulus

Question 3

Autoimmune disease

Answer 3

An abnormal immunological response directed against an antigen that is part of the body

Question 4

Type I

Answer 4

Preformed IgE antibodies coating mast cells and basophils are crosslinked by contact with free antigen.

Question 5

Mast cells and basophils in type I ______ and release _____

Answer 5

Degranulate and Histamine and other inflammatory mediators

Question 6

Hypersensitivity response

Answer 6

Allergy - Type I
Cytotoxic- Type II
Immune Complexes - Type III
Delayed (Cell mediated) Type IV

Question 7

Causes of Type I

Answer 7

Drug reactions
Food allergies
Insect venom
Atopy

Question 8

Type II

Answer 8

IgM and IgG antibodies bond to antigen on the self tissue (e.g. RBC). This leads to complement activation and lysis and phagocytosis

Question 9

Causes of Type II

Answer 9

Acute haemolytic transfusion
Autoimmune anaemia
Good Pasture's syndrome
Graves disease
Thrombocytopenia

Question 10

Type III

Answer 10

Antibodies bind to antigen in circulation and form complexes and are deposited in particular tissues

Question 11

What do the deposition in Type III cause

Answer 11

Inflammation

Question 12

Consequences of Type III

Answer 12

Glomerulophritis

Systemic Lupus

Question 13

Type IV

Answer 13

Contact with antigen with presensitised T lymphocytes release cytokines that drive immune response

Question 14

Consequences of Type IV

Answer 14

Graft vs host disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Type 1 diabetes

Question 15

Atopy

Answer 15

Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases such as asthma

Question 16

Purpose of Neutrophils

Answer 16

Release cytokines which amplify inflammatory response

Question 17

How do T cells cause tissue damage

Answer 17

Cytokines which are produced by CD4+ T cells and Direct cell cytoxicity mediated by CD8+ T cells

Question 18

Immune tolerance

Answer 18

Failure to mount an immune response to an antigen

Question 19

Central tolerance

Answer 19

Main way the immune system learns to discriminate self from non-self

Question 20

Two types of autoimmune diseases

Answer 20

Systemic

Organ specific

Question 21

Systemic

Answer 21

Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 22

Organ specific

Answer 22

Good Pasture’s
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Type 1 diabetes

Question 23

Type V

Answer 23

Antibodies bind to cell surface and prevents the intended ligand binding with the receptor