Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria Flashcards
Aerobic Gram Positive Cocci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Streptococcus
Positive coagulase test
Staph. aureus (MSSA/MRSA)
Staph. aureus is commensal in the _______
Nose, axilla, perineum
Negative coagulase test
Staph. epidermis (does not produce coagulase enzyme)
Test for streptococci
Haemolytic test
Alpha haemolytic
Partial haemolysis (streptococcous pneumoniae)
Beta haemolytic
Complete haemolysis (streptococcous pyogenes)
Non-haemolytic
No haemolysis/Gamma haemolysis (enterococcous faecalis)
Alpha haemolytic streptococci causes______
infective endocarditis
Beta haemolytic streptococci causes ________
Pharyngitis, cellulitis, necrotising faciitis
Beta haemolytic streptococci are further classified into ________ based on their __________
Lancefield Groups and surface antigens
Group A
Streptococcus pyogenes
Group B
Streptococcus agalactiae (genital tract)
Group D
Enterococcus (faecalis, faecium) causes UTIs
Gram Positive Bacilli (aerobic)
Bacillus anthracis
Gram Positive Bacilli (anaerobic)
Clostridium: difficile perfringens tetani botulinum
Clostridium difficile
Cannot be cultures
Produce toxin A and B
Spore forming organism
Clostridium perfringens
Found in soil and human and animal faeces
Clostridium tetani
Produces neurotxin and toxoids can be used as vaccines
Gram negative bacilli (aerobic/facultative anaerobes)
Pseudomonas Haemophilus Vibrio E.coli Klebsiella Shigella Salmonella
E.coli
Ferments lactose
Produces endotoxin and exotoxins
Pilli
E.coli methods of detection
MacConkey agar
PCR
Immunological
Salmonella ferments lactose (true or false)
False
Incubation time of Salmonella
12-48 hours
2nd most common cause of food poisoning
Salmonella
Methods of detection of salmonella
WGS
XLD agar
ELISA and PCR
Haemophilus influenzae
cocco-bacilli (mixed appearance)
Respiratory tract infetion
Major cause of meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae
How many serotypes does Haemophilus influenzae have
6
Method of detection for Haemophilus influenzae
Chocolate agar
Method of detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Blood agar
Produces slimy biofilms and causes HA sepsis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Other coliforms
Shigella spp.
Klebsiella spp.
Proteus spp.
Causes Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
Most common cause of food poisoning
Campylobacter jejuni
Features of Campylobacter jejuni
Curved
Microaerophillic
Self-limiting
Found in domestic animals and chicken
Causes gastric adenocarcinoma
Helicobacter pylori
Gram Negative cocci (aerobic)
Neisseria spp.
Meningitidis
Gonorrhoea
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Gram Negative Bacilli (anaerobic)
Bacteriodes
Prevotella
Porphyromones
Consequence of Neisseria meningitidis infection
inflammation of meninges and septeicaemia
Detection of Neisseria meningitidis
PCR from EDTA blood
Consequence of Neisseria gonnorrhoea
Urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disorder
Consequence of Moraxella catarrhalis
Infection of respiratory system, middle ear, CNS and joints
Miscellaneous bacteria
Mycobacterium Leprosy Spirochetes Syphillis Lyme disease Chlamydia
Mycobacterium species
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Acid and alcohol fast stain (ZN)
Auramine
Culture
Leprosy causing organism
Mycobacterium leprae
Consequence of leprosy
Attacks peripheral nerves
Detection method of Spirochetes
Dark field microscopy
Serology
Example of spirochetes
Treponema pallidum (syphillis)
Syphillis
Primary (chancre)
Secondary (latent)
Tertiary (CNS)
Can be congenital
Detection of Syphllis
PCR and serology
How is Lyme disease transmitted
Ticks
Stages of Lyme disease
Stage 1 - skin rash
Stage 2 - systemic illness
Stage 3 - Chronic disease
Obligate intracellular bacteria
Chlamydia
Detection of Chlamydia
Culture - cell lines
NAAT
Urine and vaginal swabs
Serology
cocco-bacilli (mixed appearance)
Haemophillus influenzae
has over 1500 serotypes
Salmonella
WGS, XLD agar and ELISA and PCR are methods of detection
Salmonella
