Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Disease > Chromosomes, Cell Division, Meiosis and Chromosome > Flashcards

Chromosomes, Cell Division, Meiosis and Chromosome Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Centromere

A

Hold sister chromatids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Telomeres

A

Termini of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of Telomeres

A

Protect chromosome against DNA damage as DNA repair enzymes are able to recognise blunt ends of chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are Okazaki fragments produced

A

The lagging strand is synthesised discontinuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is used to join Okazaki fragments

A

DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What initiates the assembly of Okazaki fragments

A

RNA primer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

End Replication Problem

A

when the last piece of RNA primer at the 3’ end is removed, the DNA cannot be extended and leaves a gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is End Replication Problem Solved

A

Telomerase is used and adds the telomeric sequence to lay out new DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA can only synthesise in which direction

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do most somatic cells express telomerase

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do germ cells express express telomerase

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Product of Mitosis

A

2 cells with identical DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stages of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosome becomes visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metaphase

A

Spindles fully formed and chromosomes align in the centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anaphase

A

Linkage between sister chromatid is broken

17
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear membrane is reformed

18
Q

Where do spindle fibres attach to on the centromere during mitosi

A

Kinetochore

19
Q

Features of Chromatin

A

Packed with positively charged histones
Compacted into nucleosomes
Core of 8 molecules of histones

20
Q

Solenoid structure

A

Central structure in which the heterochromatin get assembled to and is 30nm in diameter

21
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Tightly packed and inactive

22
Q

Eurochromatin

A

Loosely packed and active

23
Q

Purpose of packaging DNA

A

Histones (positive) neutralise DNA (negative)
Takes up less space
Inactive DNA folded into accessible region

24
Q

Karyotyping uses what type of stain

A

Giemsa

25
Q

Acrocentric

A

Chromosome where the centromere is located very near to one end

26
Q

Submetacentric

A

Chromosome where centromere is located so that one chromosome arm is longer than the other

27
Q

Metacentric

A

Centromere is at the middle of the chromosome

28
Q

Length of each band in G-banding

A

6-8mb

29
Q

FISH

A

Fluorescent in-situ Hybridisation

30
Q

Meiosis

A

Process of creating germ cells

Form 2 haploid after 2 successive divisions

31
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Daughter cells are formed

32
Q

8 Histones

A

H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4

Principles of Disease (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions