Therapeutic Nutritional, Fluid, and Electrolyte Replacements

Question 1

intracellular fluid percent %

Answer 1

[ICF]—40% TBW

Question 2

interstitial fluid percent %

Answer 2

15% TBW
Part of ECF which is approximately 20% of TBW

Question 3

Intravascular fluid percent %

Answer 3

5%- TBW
Part of ECF which is approximately 20%

Question 4

Equivalents

Answer 4

A unit used to tell how many of the particles are in the solution.
Equivalents are defined as the weight in grams of an element that will combine with one gram of hydrogen ion.

g/100 mL

Question 5

Osmolarity

Answer 5

refers to the number of particles per liter of solvent
(Very little difference is observed, however, between osmolality and osmolarity of animal fluids,
mOsm/L)

Question 6

it’s time to consider administering colloids when (numbers)

Answer 6

Total plasma protein gets less than 3.5 g/dl or albumin is less than 1.5 g/dl,

Question 7

Milliequivalent

Answer 7

The unit of measurement that is used to express the concentration of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, in solutions.

mEq/L,

The higher the number of milliequivalents, the greater the concentration of that substance in the fluids.

( the tendency of a particle to combine with another particle)

Question 8

Some signs of dehydration are

Answer 8

Mucous membranes that feel dry and tacky
Skin that doesn’t return to normal when pulled (using the skin turgor test)
Weak or unsteady pulse
Sunken eyes
No or little bulging of the jugular vein (especially in horses)

Question 9

Plasma % total body water

Answer 9

5% TBW

Question 10

lab work that indicates dehydration

Answer 10

increase in packed cell volume (or PCV—the percentage of red blood cells in the blood)
a relative increase in total plasma protein (TPP)
an increase in urine specific gravity (SG) in animals that are able to concentrate their urine.
PCVs and TPPs by themselves aren’t clear indicators of dehydration and can be misleading if the patient is anemic.

Question 11

normal blood sugar numbers

Answer 11

(80–120 mg/dl

Question 12

B-complex vitamins information for fluid therapy (Basically redundant)

Answer 12

are water-soluble vitamins.
essential for metabolism,
Before given IV be sure they can be given that way
Subcutaneous injections of B vitamins may burn, so be careful when you give them.

Question 13

The fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 13

Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Don’t get removed from the body with increased fluids.
Over supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic, Vitamins aren’t excreted very quickly from the body.

Question 14

Vitamin A

Answer 14

Made from carotenoids (beta-carotene) and encourages growth and adequate visual pigment in the eyes.
Primarily stored in the liver

Question 15

Vitamin D

Answer 15

Essential for the growth and regulation of calcium levels.
In reptiles, vitamin D is essential, because some animals can’t convert vitamin D into its active form without ultraviolet light.
Low vitamin D levels can lead to metabolic bone disease.
Kidney

Question 16

Vitamin E

Answer 16

acts as an antioxidant.
Too-low levels of it in large animals may lead to various muscle diseases
liver

Question 17

Vitamin K1

Answer 17

Involved in the clotting process.
If an animal consumes rat poison (not all kinds), vitamin K can work as an antidote

Question 18

catheter care

Answer 18

Should be flushed with saline or heparinized saline every 4 to 6 hours if intravenous fluids are not being administered Should be removed and replaced every 72 to 96 hours so that complications are minimized.

Question 19

Any product that contains the electrolyte ____should be given by slow IV administration to prevent cardiac complications.

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

Herbal medicine forms

Answer 20

Plant material may be available dried, powdered, in
capsules or granules, formulated into an ointment or as a liquid extract

Question 21

Three big herbal meds

Answer 21

Ginger for anti-inflammatory effects (liver)
Aloe vera to treat burns and wounds (kidney and liver)
Milk thistle to support and heal the liver

Question 22

Chondroprotective

Answer 22

help to slow down the erosion of cartilage in animals.
doesn’t heal cartilage or regenerate it
best used before the onset of arthritis
(glucosamines)

Question 23

Nutraceuticals

Answer 23

Food components that have health benefits, including disease prevention and treatment.
Don’t undergo testing by the FDA for safety or efficacy.
Labels are required to have a label that says, “This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product isn’t intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease