Therapeutic Nutritional, Fluid, and Electrolyte Replacements Flashcards
intracellular fluid percent %
[ICF]—40% TBW
interstitial fluid percent %
15% TBW
Part of ECF which is approximately 20% of TBW
Intravascular fluid percent %
5%- TBW
Part of ECF which is approximately 20%
Equivalents
A unit used to tell how many of the particles are in the solution.
Equivalents are defined as the weight in grams of an element that will combine with one gram of hydrogen ion.
g/100 mL
Osmolarity
refers to the number of particles per liter of solvent
(Very little difference is observed, however, between osmolality and osmolarity of animal fluids,
mOsm/L)
it’s time to consider administering colloids when (numbers)
Total plasma protein gets less than 3.5 g/dl or albumin is less than 1.5 g/dl,
Milliequivalent
The unit of measurement that is used to express the concentration of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, in solutions.
mEq/L,
The higher the number of milliequivalents, the greater the concentration of that substance in the fluids.
( the tendency of a particle to combine with another particle)
Some signs of dehydration are
Mucous membranes that feel dry and tacky
Skin that doesn’t return to normal when pulled (using the skin turgor test)
Weak or unsteady pulse
Sunken eyes
No or little bulging of the jugular vein (especially in horses)
Plasma % total body water
5% TBW
lab work that indicates dehydration
increase in packed cell volume (or PCV—the percentage of red blood cells in the blood)
a relative increase in total plasma protein (TPP)
an increase in urine specific gravity (SG) in animals that are able to concentrate their urine.
PCVs and TPPs by themselves aren’t clear indicators of dehydration and can be misleading if the patient is anemic.
normal blood sugar numbers
(80–120 mg/dl
B-complex vitamins information for fluid therapy (Basically redundant)
are water-soluble vitamins.
essential for metabolism,
Before given IV be sure they can be given that way
Subcutaneous injections of B vitamins may burn, so be careful when you give them.
The fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Don’t get removed from the body with increased fluids.
Over supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic, Vitamins aren’t excreted very quickly from the body.
Vitamin A
Made from carotenoids (beta-carotene) and encourages growth and adequate visual pigment in the eyes.
Primarily stored in the liver
Vitamin D
Essential for the growth and regulation of calcium levels.
In reptiles, vitamin D is essential, because some animals can’t convert vitamin D into its active form without ultraviolet light.
Low vitamin D levels can lead to metabolic bone disease.
Kidney
Vitamin E
acts as an antioxidant.
Too-low levels of it in large animals may lead to various muscle diseases
liver
Vitamin K1
Involved in the clotting process.
If an animal consumes rat poison (not all kinds), vitamin K can work as an antidote
catheter care
Should be flushed with saline or heparinized saline every 4 to 6 hours if intravenous fluids are not being administered Should be removed and replaced every 72 to 96 hours so that complications are minimized.
Any product that contains the electrolyte ____should be given by slow IV administration to prevent cardiac complications.
Calcium
Herbal medicine forms
Plant material may be available dried, powdered, in
capsules or granules, formulated into an ointment or as a liquid extract
Three big herbal meds
Ginger for anti-inflammatory effects (liver)
Aloe vera to treat burns and wounds (kidney and liver)
Milk thistle to support and heal the liver
Chondroprotective
help to slow down the erosion of cartilage in animals.
doesn’t heal cartilage or regenerate it
best used before the onset of arthritis
(glucosamines)
Nutraceuticals
Food components that have health benefits, including disease prevention and treatment.
Don’t undergo testing by the FDA for safety or efficacy.
Labels are required to have a label that says, “This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product isn’t intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease
