Physical Therapy, etc Flashcards
Complementary medicine
is used in conjunction with conventional medicine,
Alternative medicine
approaches are used in lieu of conventional medicine
Nutraceuticals
food and nutritive substances with medicinal effects. These are regulated by the FDA as dietary supplements and food additives
Chondroprotectants
Medicinal substances used for cartilage health.
Glucosamine and Chondroitin
Mechanism of action is inhibition of enzymes that degrade cartilage and decreased production of pro-inflammatory substances. This is achieved in the following ways:
Production of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid
Preventing degeneration of type II collagen of joint cartilage
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Unsaturated fats found in various types of fish and other seafood, flaxseeds, and chia seeds
Used for certain cardiovascular and dermatologic conditions and to help decrease pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis.
Types of omega-3 fatty acids
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans
An injectable substance that’s FDA-approved prescription for use in horses and dogs (adequan)
It is thought to inhibit the breakdown of collagen and stimulate its synthesis. Helps to lessen joint pain and inflammation.
Adequan
Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans
Hyaluronic Acid treatment
Injection into joints reduces pain and inflammation. It’s found to stimulate the production of hyaluronic acid by the body in horses with joint conditions.
Aloe vera
used externally for burns and internally to lower blood sugar levels. Western herbal medicne
Ginkgo biloba
for mental alertness. Western Herbal medince
Valerian root
(Valerian officinalis) for anxiety. Western herbal medicine
Turmeric
is an Ayurvedic medicine used for arthritis and liver conditions.
Ginger
is a well-known Chinese herb often used to relieve nausea, and it may have beneficial effects on the joints and the cardiovascular system.
substances released by the body in response to acupuncture include
endorphins, enkephalins, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and cortisol.
meridians (acupuncture)
Energy pathways. each meridian has various acupuncture points that can affect body systems and organs.
Type I acupuncture point
Motor points, located where nerves enter muscles
Type II acupuncture point
Located on superficial nerves
Type III acupuncture point
Located in areas with a high density of superficial
Type IV acupuncture point
Found at tendon-muscle junctions
Methods of acupuncture
Pressure (using fingers, palms, or special devices)
Dry needle (most commonly used in veterinary medicine)
Electrostimulation
Aqua-acupuncture
Moxibustion (burning of mugwort leaves)
Laser
veterinary sports medicine and rehabilitation
In 2010, the American Veterinary Medical Association approved this specialty area
The overall goals of rehabilitation are to reduce or eliminate pain and restore function and quality of life.
Rehabilitation therapies are used most commonly to address musculoskeletal and neurologic dysfunction.
Myotherapy
manual therapy that focuses on massage techniques. This form of therapy can be used for repetitive strain injuries, osteoarthritis, enhancing performance in sports dogs, lameness, and other issues
Effleurage
is most commonly used massage therapy in animals and entails a gliding stroke that follows the contour of the body.
Pétrissage
is a kneading motion characterized by lifting, squeezing, then releasing tissue.
Friction therapy
is used over tendons and trigger points to break up skin adhesions and scar tissue (used 3 to 4 weeks after injury).
Tapotement
is a tapping motion of the hands or fingers to stimulate nerve endings.
Coupage
is a form of tapotement that uses cupped hand strokes to relieve lung congestion.
Vibration therapy
involves shaking or rocking of the tissue and can aid in muscle relaxation.
Passive range of motion
uses nonpainful stretching exercises. The stretched muscles are also massaged.
Joints without contractures are extended and flexed for a period of time (taking care not to overextend the limb joints).
This type of therapy helps stimulate cartilage regeneration and nutrition in joints.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
is used to induce the release of endogenous opioids for pain relief. However, this provides only short-term relief.
Neuromuscular Stimulation
Electrical-based therapies involve applying electrical currents to induce muscle contraction to improve muscle strength and reduce or reverse disuse muscle atrophy. Includes TENS
Therapeutic Ultrasound
Sound waves can be used to stimulate blood flow, decrease muscle pain and spasms, and accelerate wound healing. The intensity of the treatment determines whether there are thermal effects of the therapy.
Extracorporeal Shockwave
Short-duration (3–5 minutes), high-energy sound waves are delivered to specific body areas.
It helps decrease inflammation and increase blood flow to an area. Uses include treating arthritis, tendinopathies, wounds, and fractures. Due to the loud sounds with this technique, patients are sedated for the procedure.
Cryotherapy:
Application of cold temperature to the body leads to vasoconstriction to reduce postoperative bleeding and bruising.
Thermotherapy:
Heat is applied to the body to reduce pain by increasing circulation and muscle contractility.
Assistive Devices (physical therapy)
These help in recovery and in cases where full restoration of function isn’t possible.
Harnesses and slings -used by caregivers and therapists to help animals with weight bearing and balance.
Protective devices - prevent injury of body parts in animals with mobility problems.
Braces - provide bodily support when an animal can’t bear its full weight.
Special wheelchairs and quad chairs (that support the head and neck) are available for animals with paresis or paralysis.
