Skin pharmacology

Question 1

Skin functions

Answer 1

Protection
Temperature regulation
Storage
Sensory perception
Secretion
Vitamin D production and metabolism

Question 2

comedo

Answer 2

blackhead

Question 3

would healing stage (4)

Answer 3

inflammation,
debridement,
repair
maturation.

Question 4

The inflammatory phase wound healing

Answer 4

*damaged cells release substances that cause inflammation and decrease bleeding
*then blood vessels to constrict, serum leaks into wound
*fibrin helps clotting of the blood to seal up the wound

bonus– Serum leakage into the wound deposits fibrinogen and other clotting elements.
Later, this serum provides enzymes, proteins and antibodies

Question 5

The debridement phase wound healing

Answer 5

Begins about 6 hours after injury

white blood cells move into the area to help clear up the infection and remove dead material

Bonus- This stage is facilitated by neutrophils and monocytes.
neutrophils phagocytize bacteria and then die.
Monocytes become macrophages and phagocytize necrotic debris.

Question 6

The repair phase wound healing

Answer 6

Usually active by 3 to 5 days post injury
fibroblasts begin to move through the area, producing
collagen which, in combination with new capillaries, forms granulation tissue (scar tissue)

Question 7

Seborrhea

Answer 7

A skin condition that results in an increased amount of scaling
Treated with a keratolytic agent

Question 8

A keratolytic

Answer 8

an agent that promotes loosening of the epidermis, helping to remove scaling.

Question 9

Astringents

Answer 9

Applied to help precipitate proteins and are used on areas of moist dermatitis.
dries and cleans

Question 10

Antiseptic topical medication

Answer 10

Helps inhibit the growth of bacteria on the skin.

Question 11

Acetic acid

Answer 11

often used in-ear medications because it can help control some bacterial infections.

Question 12

Benzalkonium chloride

Answer 12

it’s an antiseptic
shouldn’t be used in cats and is deactivated by soap.

Question 13

Mupirocin

Answer 13

is a topical cream used to treat localized skin infections, cysts between the toes, and draining tracts.

Question 14

Silver sulfadiazine

Answer 14

SSD cream
For burns
helps to prevent the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria.

Question 15

antipruritics

Answer 15

anti-itching
May contain oatmeal or antihistamines, topical essential fatty acids

Question 16

topical-cream steroids

Answer 16

Used in conjunction with other treatments for localized itching or inflammatory conditions.

Question 17

Oral Fatty Acids

Answer 17

Omega-3 fatty acids in particular have been shown to decrease pruritis in some patients. The exact mechanism of action is unknown

Question 18

Some determinants of how quickly the wound will heal and how the wound should be treated are

Answer 18

Infection
Improper nutrition
Repeated trauma to the wound
Size of wound
Location of wound
Seriousness of wound

Question 19

Describe the skin layers

Answer 19

epidermis the outermost layer/protective,
dermis - contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles,
hypodermis is below the dermis contains fat and connective tissues

Question 20

Dermatophyte test

Answer 20

Done with a woods lamp,
contains a dye (phenol red) that turns red as fungal agents
grow

Question 21

Fungal infections are divided into

Answer 21

superficial (skin and eyes) and systemic (blood,lungs, CNS)

Question 22

Gram tests

Answer 22

– helps classify bacteria
Stains and turns blue – gram positive
Doesn’t stain and stays red – gram negative

Question 23

Caustic skin meds

Answer 23

– burn away or eat dead flesh
used for treating proud flesh

Question 24

Acid Fast stain –

Answer 24

help classify bacteria that doesn’t stain with gram tests,
if they retain the stain during this test then they are acid fast bacteria

Question 25

eccrine gland

Answer 25

type of sweat gland found only in footpads and may play a role in body temperature regulation

Question 26

Maturation phase of wound healing

Answer 26

remodeling occurs and the first 3 stages are cleaned up and the healed area becomes stronger