Emergency nursing Flashcards
SIRS. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome-symptoms
Patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, and marked increases or decreases in white blood cell count
Metritis
Inflammation of the uterus.
Signs of Choke
gagging, retching, and excessive drooling
pneumothorax
Influx of air into the pleural space, which collapses the lung and prevents re-expansion. Is often secondary to external trauma to the chest cavity
Colic
refers to any condition that causes abdominal pain
Rumen tympany
Rumen distention with air; commonly referred to as bloat.
Ileus
motility is lost in the small intestines
Metabolic Acidosis
excess acid in the blood caused by abnormal metabolism, excessive acid intake, renal retention, or excessive loss of bicarbonate
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
If SIRS response progresses to microvascular clotting, it can lead to permanent failure of the kidneys, liver, lungs, brain, and heart
Sepsis define and how presents
Disease or wound causes the inflammatory response to increase vasodilatation, which often presents as bright red mucous membranes and bounding pulses.
Dystocia
clinical term for difficult birth
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
A pattern of concurrent thrombosis and bleeding. It is among the most serious complications of shock.
Fetatome
A device that uses obstetric wire to cut a dead fetus into smaller parts that can be extracted more easily.
hypoxia and signs
Low tissue oxygen levels. Signs include: tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis or pallor, and dyspnea.
ischemia
Deficient supply of blood to a body part, such as the heart or brain, caused by obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood.
Hypovolemia(and note)
Decreased circulating blood volume. Commonly occurs with shock, trauma, hemorrhage, or profuse vomiting and diarrhea.
Note- when assessing a patient it is important to distinguish between hypovolemia and dehydration. Animals with hypovolemia tend to present with tachycardia and prolonged CRT. Because hypovolemia is an acute process, skin turgor may be normal
Toxic mastitis.
life threatening condition
endotoxins are absorbed from septic secretions within the udder,
endotoxemia can result.
Endotoxemia
The presence of poisonous substances in bacteria; separable from the cell body only upon its disintegration.
volvulus definition and how animal presents
Occurs when the intestine twists around itself.
The animal presents with acute signs ranging from abdominal distention, agitation, repeated retching, lateral recumbency, and shock.
__________can be useful for reducing the pain associated with vaginal manipulation and for decreasing the force of uterine contractions so that vaginal manipulation of the fetus can be accomplished.
Epidural anesthesia
azotemia
Condition in which blood has increased concentrations of nitrogenous wastes, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
Azotemia may be further characterized as prerenal azotemia caused by dehydration, as renal azotemia caused by impaired kidney function, or as postrenal azotemia caused by obstruction of the urinary tract.
Urolithiasis
The process of forming stones in the urinary tract.
Restrictive breathing signs
Fast, short, and shallow breaths
Bradypnea
Decreased respiratory rate
Labored breathing
Prolonged and deep respirations
Orthopnea
Condition of maintaining a specific posture to ease breathing
Tachypnea
Increased respiratory rate
Obtunded
Reacts to stimuli more slowly than normal
Stuporous
Only reacts to noxious stimuli
Dull
Not eager to interact with the environment
Septic shock definition and signs
Septic shock occurs after a severe infection or tissue damage.
Signs of septic shock:
Bright red mucous membranes due to inflammatory vasodilation
Bounding pulses
Treatment involves treating the infection, providing fluid therapy, and giving broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Obstructive shock
Obstructive shock is impaired venous return to the heart.
This type of shock can be seen in cases of gastric dilatation-volvulus or pericardial tamponade. This type of shock is best treated by detecting and treating the underlying cause.
Distributive shock,when seen, treatment
Distributive shock is misdistribution of blood flow and pooling of blood in the capillaries.
It’s seen with anaphylaxis, sepsis, heatstroke, and envenomation. Treatment includes fluid therapy and vasopressors.
Cardiogenic shock- definition and signs
Cardiogenic shock is considered to be secondary to heart conditions. Some signs patients will have are listed below.
Weak pulses
Hypotension
Pale mucous membranes
Cold extremities
Pulmonary edema
Ascites
Hypovolemic shock and signs
Decreased circulating blood volume
the most common type of shock seen in dogs and cats.
Signs include prolonged CRT, weak pulses, pale mucous membranes, and altered mentation. It can be treated by restoring intravascular volume through IV fluids or blood transfusion.