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Veterinary Nursing > Emergency nursing > Flashcards

Emergency nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

SIRS. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome-symptoms

A

Patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, and marked increases or decreases in white blood cell count

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2
Q

Metritis

A

Inflammation of the uterus.

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3
Q

Signs of Choke

A

gagging, retching, and excessive drooling

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4
Q

pneumothorax

A

Influx of air into the pleural space, which collapses the lung and prevents re-expansion. Is often secondary to external trauma to the chest cavity

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5
Q

Colic

A

refers to any condition that causes abdominal pain

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6
Q

Rumen tympany

A

Rumen distention with air; commonly referred to as bloat.

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7
Q

Ileus

A

motility is lost in the small intestines

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8
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

excess acid in the blood caused by abnormal metabolism, excessive acid intake, renal retention, or excessive loss of bicarbonate

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9
Q

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

A

If SIRS response progresses to microvascular clotting, it can lead to permanent failure of the kidneys, liver, lungs, brain, and heart

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10
Q

Sepsis define and how presents

A

Disease or wound causes the inflammatory response to increase vasodilatation, which often presents as bright red mucous membranes and bounding pulses.

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11
Q

Dystocia

A

clinical term for difficult birth

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12
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

A pattern of concurrent thrombosis and bleeding. It is among the most serious complications of shock.

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13
Q

Fetatome

A

A device that uses obstetric wire to cut a dead fetus into smaller parts that can be extracted more easily.

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14
Q

hypoxia and signs

A

Low tissue oxygen levels. Signs include: tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis or pallor, and dyspnea.

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15
Q

ischemia

A

Deficient supply of blood to a body part, such as the heart or brain, caused by obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood.

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16
Q

Hypovolemia(and note)

A

Decreased circulating blood volume. Commonly occurs with shock, trauma, hemorrhage, or profuse vomiting and diarrhea.

Note- when assessing a patient it is important to distinguish between hypovolemia and dehydration. Animals with hypovolemia tend to present with tachycardia and prolonged CRT. Because hypovolemia is an acute process, skin turgor may be normal

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17
Q

Toxic mastitis.

A

life threatening condition
endotoxins are absorbed from septic secretions within the udder,
endotoxemia can result.

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18
Q

Endotoxemia

A

The presence of poisonous substances in bacteria; separable from the cell body only upon its disintegration.

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19
Q

volvulus definition and how animal presents

A

Occurs when the intestine twists around itself.

The animal presents with acute signs ranging from abdominal distention, agitation, repeated retching, lateral recumbency, and shock.

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20
Q

__________can be useful for reducing the pain associated with vaginal manipulation and for decreasing the force of uterine contractions so that vaginal manipulation of the fetus can be accomplished.

A

Epidural anesthesia

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21
Q

azotemia

A

Condition in which blood has increased concentrations of nitrogenous wastes, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

Azotemia may be further characterized as prerenal azotemia caused by dehydration, as renal azotemia caused by impaired kidney function, or as postrenal azotemia caused by obstruction of the urinary tract.

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22
Q

Urolithiasis

A

The process of forming stones in the urinary tract.

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23
Q

Restrictive breathing signs

A

Fast, short, and shallow breaths

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24
Q

Bradypnea

A

Decreased respiratory rate

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25
Q

Labored breathing

A

Prolonged and deep respirations

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26
Q

Orthopnea

A

Condition of maintaining a specific posture to ease breathing

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27
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased respiratory rate

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28
Q

Obtunded

A

Reacts to stimuli more slowly than normal

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29
Q

Stuporous

A

Only reacts to noxious stimuli

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30
Q

Dull

A

Not eager to interact with the environment

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31
Q

Septic shock definition and signs

A

Septic shock occurs after a severe infection or tissue damage.

Signs of septic shock:

Bright red mucous membranes due to inflammatory vasodilation
Bounding pulses
Treatment involves treating the infection, providing fluid therapy, and giving broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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32
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Obstructive shock is impaired venous return to the heart.

This type of shock can be seen in cases of gastric dilatation-volvulus or pericardial tamponade. This type of shock is best treated by detecting and treating the underlying cause.

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33
Q

Distributive shock,when seen, treatment

A

Distributive shock is misdistribution of blood flow and pooling of blood in the capillaries.

It’s seen with anaphylaxis, sepsis, heatstroke, and envenomation. Treatment includes fluid therapy and vasopressors.

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34
Q

Cardiogenic shock- definition and signs

A

Cardiogenic shock is considered to be secondary to heart conditions. Some signs patients will have are listed below.

Weak pulses
Hypotension
Pale mucous membranes
Cold extremities
Pulmonary edema
Ascites

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34
Q

Hypovolemic shock and signs

A

Decreased circulating blood volume
the most common type of shock seen in dogs and cats.

Signs include prolonged CRT, weak pulses, pale mucous membranes, and altered mentation. It can be treated by restoring intravascular volume through IV fluids or blood transfusion.

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35
Q

What can delay wound healing

A

diabetes, or corticosteroid treatment.

36
Q

What layer is preferred for primary bandage and why

A

Moisture-retaining layers preferred due to improved epithelialization.

37
Q

The distal limb bandage most commonly used in small animals is

A

modified Robert Jones bandage.

38
Q

Non-weight-bearing slings aren’t maintained for more than _______ due to__________

A

three weeks
the risk of joint and muscle contracture.

39
Q

Exuberant granulation tissue treatment

A

is best removed surgically.

40
Q

used for cattle to maintain limb alignment.

A

Modified Thomas splints

41
Q

Borborygmi

A

Rumbling noises caused by propulsion of gas and ingesta through the intestines (sing. borborygmus)

42
Q

Primary intention wound healing

A

Healing of a wound across a surgically closed incision.

43
Q

Reddish connective tissue that forms during second intention wound healing

A

Granulation tissue

44
Q

Dry, dark dead dermis tissue associated with third-degree burns

A

Eschar

45
Q

A skin ulcer located over a bony prominence resulting from lying in one position for a prolonged period

A

Decubitus ulcers

46
Q

What effects does long-term corticosteroid use have on wound healing?

A

Decrease inflammatory response, increase infection, delay healing

47
Q

Fluid wave

A

Palpation test for ascites

48
Q

Transfaunation

A

Repopulation of the gut with healthy flora from another horse.

49
Q

Cathartic

A

Medications that serve to promote the clearing of intestinal contents.

50
Q

Secondary Intention Wound Healing

A

Healing of a wound by granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and contraction.

51
Q

Tertiary Intention Wound Healing

A

Healing of a wound that is initially cleaned and debrided, observed for infection for approximately 4 days and then surgically closed

52
Q

Components of triage

A

Brief history
Rapid physical exam: 1- to 2-minute evaluation of organ systems
Specific discussion regarding status and planned initial treatment

53
Q

Tympany

A

characterized by an excessive volume of gas in the rumen.

54
Q

Common laboratory findings of dehydration include the following:

A

Hemoconcentration
Azotemia
Hypernatremia
Elevated albumin

55
Q

Capnography

A

Measures CO2 levels

56
Q

normal dog cranial vena cava pressure (CVP)

A

0 to 5 cm H2O

57
Q

Decreased cranial Vena Cava Pressure (CVP)

A

Decreased CVP is associated with dehydration, hypovolemia, and excess vasodilation

58
Q

Increased cranial Vena Cava Pressure (CVP)

A

Increased CVP is often due to fluid overload, heart disease, or increased intrathoracic pressure.

59
Q

QT interval

A

Represents electrical systole

60
Q

flehmen response

A

curling the upper lip, sign of mild pain

61
Q

Kimzey Leg Saver splint

A

Can be applied to the distal forelimb to stabilize the area, aligning the bony column and protecting the fetlock soft tissues.

62
Q

methylene blue reduction test

A

Rumen contents are analyzed to determine pH and microbial function. Healthy ruminal flora will turn the methylene blue to a colorless solution.

63
Q

Epinephrine use for CPR

A

Asystole, PEA (Pulseless electrical activity)

Used at low dose (0.01mg/kg) every 4 mins. High dose (0.1mg/kg) can be considered in prolonged CPR.

64
Q

Atropine use for CPR

A

Bradyarrhythmias, vagally mediated arrests, AV block

0.04 mg/kg IV

65
Q

Vasopressin use for CPR

A

Asystole, PEA. Can be used in place of second dose of epinephrine.

0.8 mU/kg IV (0.4 mL/10 kg)

66
Q

SIRS

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome -Widespread inflammation caused by an underlying disease process. Often causes generalized tissue damage and can be a complication of shock.

67
Q

What does SIRS stand for?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

68
Q

What does MODS stand for?

A

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

69
Q

Occlusive (related to wounds)

A

A wound dressing that is a primary layer impermeable to moisture

70
Q

fibroblasts

A

Cells recruited into a wound during the proliferative phase that help form granulation tissue

71
Q

Semi-occlusive (related to wounds)

A

A primary wound dressing that allows air and moisture to move through

72
Q

contralateral

A

The opposite side

73
Q

Meshwork-like substance in a wound, attached to the outer cell surface that provides support and anchorage

A

Extracellular material

74
Q

Myofibroblast

A

A cell with contractile properties that is responsible for wound contraction

75
Q

epithelialization

A

The process in which skin cells advance in a single layer across the wound

76
Q

Deposited into a wound by fibroblasts during the proliferative phase of healing

A

Collagen

77
Q

Carpal flexion sling

A

Used for the forelimb in any situation where weight-bearing should be avoided but some movement of the elbow and shoulder joints is acceptable

78
Q

Ehmer sling

A

A device that prevents weight-bearing of the pelvic limb; frequently used after closed reduction of craniodorsal hip luxations

79
Q

Spica splint

A

Maintains the limb in extension; includes a lateral splint that reaches over the shoulder or hip

80
Q

Velpeau sling

A

.A device that prevents weight-bearing of the thoracic limb; primarily used after reduction of medial shoulder luxations

81
Q

90/90 Flexion sling

A

Used in puppies after repair of distal femoral fractures to prevent quadriceps tie-down or contracture

82
Q

Hobbles (treating injury)

A

Prevents abduction of the pelvic limbs; primarily used after reduction of ventral hip luxations

83
Q

Primary layer adherent bandage what and when to use

A

A wet-to-dry bandage uses an adherent primary layer for nonselective debridement. It must be used only in the inflammatory and debridement stages of heavily contaminated wounds.

84
Q

nonadherent primary layer

A

Is in direct contact with the wound bed but does not firmly adhere to it.

Used once granulation tissue has formed or epithelialization has begun, to protect and promote second intention wound healing. A

85
Q

Bandages covering wounds with a lot of exudate should be replaced

A

Three times a day,

86
Q

Support bandages should be changed about every

A

Seven days

87
Q

Toxic mastitis presentation

A

These animals may present with signs of toxic shock (tachycardia and tachypnea), with weakness or neurologic deficits, or they may be down.

Veterinary Nursing (30 decks)

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