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Veterinary Nursing > Neonatal > Flashcards

Neonatal Flashcards

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1
Q

Neonatal period (puppies and kittens) length and details

A

The first 2 to 4 weeks. Characterized by complete dependence on the mother for nutrition, warmth, care, and overall survival because of incomplete neurologic functions, such as audio and visual abilities and proper spinal reflexes.

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2
Q

Neonatal encephalopathy:

A

“Dummy foal” or neonatal maladjustment syndrome.

Results in abnormal behavior, poor nursing ability, weakness, and is associated with other problems, such as sepsis, neonatal gastroenteropathy, and neonatal nephropathy.

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3
Q

Failure of passive transfer (FPT)

A

A condition in which maternal antibodies from mare’s colostrum are not received by foal within 24 hours of birth.

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4
Q

Neonatal nephropathy

A

Renal insufficiency in a neonatal foal. May resolve or may be too severe for recovery

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5
Q

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

Acute, severe anemia caused by destruction of offsprings’s red blood cells because of maternal antibodies causing an incompatibility reaction.

Species impacted: cats and horses

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6
Q

Dysmaturity

A

Very large foal is born at longer-than-expected gestational age (e.g., 400 days), with long hair coat, erupted incisors, and often with limb deformities.

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7
Q

Neonatal gastroenteropathy

A

A gastrointestinal condition characterized by abnormal absorption and motility of the GI tract. This leads to intolerance of enteral nutrition, with signs such as reflux seen after feeding.

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8
Q

Colitis in a foal

A

often caused by an infectious organism, such as rotavirus, Salmonella spp., or Clostridium spp.

Requires immediate treatment in an isolated stall.

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9
Q

Patent urachus

A

A condition in which urine leaks from the foal’s urachus because it is not closing.

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10
Q

Urachus

A

A remnant of the fetal allantois (fetal membrane) that drains the fetal urinary bladder and exits the fetal abdomen via the umbilical cord.

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11
Q

Meconium

A

First feces of a newborn

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12
Q

Omphalitis

A

Infection/inflammation of the umbilicus

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13
Q

Bagging up

A

The term for the pre-parturition change in the mare of udder enlargement

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14
Q

Nosocomial

A

acquired from the hospital environment

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15
Q

Bluish discolorations of a neonate’s skin are indicative of a neonate with

A

cyanosis

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16
Q

dark red discolorations of a neonate’s skin are indicative of

A

sepsis

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17
Q

Puppies and kittens are unable to maintain their body temperature during

A

First two weeks of life

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18
Q

In general, foals have a higher ________ and _____ concentration for the first 24 hours before gradually decreasing.

A

Packed cell count (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb)

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19
Q

Meconium retention signs

A

signs of abdominal discomfort, such as tail flagging and rolling

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20
Q

parturition

A

Labor in mammals

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21
Q

Bacteremia

A

Infection of the blood stream

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22
Q

Petechiae

A

Small areas of hemorrhaging

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23
Q

Colostrum

A

The first milk, which contains the antibodies.

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24
Q

Holosystolic flow murmur (neonate)

A

happens when the heart is pushing blood out to your body. A normal finding during neonate heart auscultation in an otherwise healthy foal

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25
Q

Glycosuria

A

Sugar int he urine

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26
Q

Primiparous

A

Describes an animal that has given birth once.

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27
Q

Puppies/kittens can crawl in a coordinated manner at

A

1 week

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28
Q

Puppies/kittens can lift their head

A

Three days of age

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29
Q

To evaluate a neonates hydration status edit find the other card that disagrees with this

A

urine color is evaluated instead of skin turgor

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30
Q

How often should an orphan puppy or kitten be weighed

A

Twice a day

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31
Q

A pediatric thermometer should measure as low as

A

85F or 29.4C

32
Q

Dog testicles descend at

A

6 to 8 weeks of age

33
Q

Healthy puppies and kittens will nurse as frequently as every _____

A

2 to 4 hours

34
Q

The external ear canals of puppies and kittens will open at the age of

A

14 to 16 days

35
Q

When obtaining blood from a neonate, the percentage of the circulating blood volume obtained during a week should not exceed

A

10%

36
Q

A hospitalized foal should be weighed

A

Daily (if possible)

37
Q

Puppies and kittens are able to stand with good postural reflexes at the end of week

A

Three

38
Q

Because animals have immature kidneys, it is considered normal to find urine with a specific gravity between

A

1.012 and 1.020.

39
Q

A neonate is considered hypothermic if at birth the body temperature drops below .

A

94F

40
Q

The acceptable route(s) of fluid administration in the neonate is/are

A

IV or IO only

41
Q
  1. When administering fluids intraosseously to a neonate, a 20-or 22-gauge needle can be placed in the
A

proximal tibia or proximal femur

42
Q

Any disease process or fluid or electrolyte imbalance in neonatal animals will quickly lead to

A

dehydration.

43
Q

Occasionally a mare will develop a problem in late-term pregnancy. These mares are referred to as

A

high-risk mares

44
Q

The average gestational length for the mare is

A

340

45
Q

The veterinarian will perform a rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound on a pregnant mare at approximately

A

30 days, 90 days, and 120 days.

46
Q

During the first week of life, healthy foals

A

nurse often and stay within close proximity of the mare.

47
Q

Stage 1 labor- mare

A

(lasts 1 to 4 hours):

Uterine contractions
Changes in behavior (agitation, pacing, kicking of abdomen, turning and biting at sides,)
Lifting of tail head
Sweating around the shoulders (foaling to occur within 30 minutes)

48
Q

Stage 2 labor- mare

A

(Delivery shouldn’t exceed 30 minutes.):

Placenta ruptures and allantoic fluid passes.
Foal is delivered.
Ensure that the foal’s nose is uncovered.
This stage involves active labor and the mare will lie down and have strong contractions until the foal is safely delivered

49
Q

Stage 3 labor- mare

A

expulsion of the fetal membranes. Normally, the fetal membranes pass rapidly (within 3 hours) after delivery of the foal.

50
Q

A neonate’s umbilical cord will dry out during its first day of life and is expected to fall off by day

A

Second to third

51
Q

Motor skills of the neonatal puppy

A

crawling, suckling, purring, vocalization

52
Q

First deworming treatment for puppies and kittens

A

Beginning of week 2

53
Q

Deworming of puppies and kittens is mostly aimed at

A

Roundworms

54
Q

Kittens will have doubled their birth weight by

A

7 to 10

55
Q

Puppies will have doubled their birth weight by

A

10 to 12

56
Q

Clinical signs in a chilled neonate with a body temperature above 88° F

A

include restlessness, continuous crying, red mucous membranes, and skin that feels cold to the touch.

57
Q

When the body temperature of a small animal neonate falls into the range of ____________________________ ° F to ____________________________ ° F, the neonate appears lethargic and uncoordinated, but responsive.

A

78F to 85F

58
Q

Raising the body temperature of a neonate more than ____________________________ ° F is usually fatal because of delayed organ failure.

A

4F

59
Q

The hydration status of a neonate is best checked by looking at the

A

mucus membranes

60
Q

All fluids should be warmed to ____________________________ before administration to the neonate, unless the neonate is substantially colder.

A

98-99 degrees F or 36.6-36.7 degrees C

61
Q

Tacky or dry mucous membranes in a neonate indicate

A

5 to 7% dehydration

62
Q

Dry mucus membranes and decreased skin elasticity in a neonate indicate

A

10% dehydration

63
Q

Temperature of kittens and puppies at birth

A

94.5°F–97.3°F

64
Q

Kittens/puppies body temperature during the first week

A

94.7°F–100.1°F

65
Q

Kitten Testicles

A

Freely movable into and out of the scrotum until the cat reaches about 7 months of age.

66
Q

Kitten/puppy Body temperature between 78°F and 85°F clinical signs

A

Lethargy
Uncoordinated movement
Lowering of heart and respiratory rates
Moisture around corners of the mouth
Impaired metabolism leading to hypoglycemia

67
Q

Hypoglycemia signs in puppy/kitten

A

Crying
Irritability
Increased appetite
Seizures
Lethargy
Stupor
Dullness
Coma
Tremors

68
Q

Which blood type in kittens can have Neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

blood type A kittens born to a blood type B queen

69
Q

Normal presentation of foal birth

A

the foal’s forelegs are extended (one hoof should be a little ahead of the other) and the head should be stretched along the forelegs.

70
Q

Foals nurse within

A

3 hours

71
Q

Foal’s first urination and passing meconium

A

urination within 12 hours and meconium within 2 hours

72
Q

Foal starts running within

A

24 hours

73
Q

Foal stands

A

within 1 to 2 hours

74
Q

foal menace response within

A

a few weeks

75
Q

Apply 1 percent iodine to a foal’s umbilical remnant
`=

A

at birth, then 3 times per day for 2 days.

Veterinary Nursing (30 decks)

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