Renal/Urinary Pharmacology

Question 1

erythropoiesis

Answer 1

The formation of erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Question 2

Erythropoietin

Answer 2

a hormone secreted by the healthy kidney that communicates with the bone marrow to make more red blood cells.

Question 3

uremia

Answer 3

Abnormally high concentrations of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous
These are end products of protein and amino acid metabolism in the blood.

Question 4

Diuretic Drugs - How work

Answer 4

Diuretics remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

Question 5

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (pharmacology) (2 different things)

Answer 5

decreases the rate of carbonic acid and hydrogen production in the kidney,
increasing the rate of urinary output
lowers the production of aqueous humor, which lowers the pressure in the eye

Question 6

Anticholinergic urinary drugs can

Answer 6

Used for treating urge incontinence by promoting the retention of urine in the urinary bladder.

Question 7

Adrenergic Antagonists Renal meds

Answer 7

block sympathetic nervous system stimulation

May relax vascular smooth muscle, enhance peripheral vasodilation, and decrease blood pressure

Control of mild to moderate hypertension associated with chronic renal failure.

Question 8

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (pharmacology)

Answer 8

(ACE)
Blood pressure and fluid balance is regulated by the kidneys via the renin-angiotensin system.
ACE inhibitors are used to treat heart failure, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and protein-losing glomerulonephropathies in dogs and cats.

Question 9

Vasodilators and Calcium Channel Blockers (pharmacology)

Answer 9

Substituted for or used in combination with other medications if previous drug therapy to control hypertension fails.

Question 10

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (pharmacology)

Answer 10

normally secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
regulates fluid balance in the body.
In some conditions like pituitary diabetes insipidus this hormone isn’t synthesized/excreted well and polyuria and polydipsia may occur.

Question 11

Urinary acidifiers

Answer 11

Used to produce acid urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing formation of struvite uroliths.
Diets used with or instead of this med
— while the diet is being administered, no acidifiers, salt, vitamin or mineral supplements, or any other food items should be given to the patient.

Question 12

Urinary alkalizers

Answer 12

may be used in the management of stones (ammonium acid urate, calcium oxalate, and cystine urolithiasis.)

Question 13

Detrusor muscle

Answer 13

muscle located within the walls of the bladder and is composed of smooth muscle fibers

Question 14

atonic, neuropathic urinary bladder.

Answer 14

No sense of fullness. Bladder expands Eventually urination occurs but it may cause damage to smooth muscle junctions

Question 15

Types of diuretic drugs (4)

Answer 15

Loop Diuretics - inhibit the tubular (kidney)reabsorption of sodium.
Osmotic diuretics - limiting tubular reabsorption causing diuresis .
Thiazide diuretics - inhibit reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics - aldosterone antagonists

Question 16

Common causes of Urinary incontinence

Answer 16

Nerve damage and hormonal imbalance

Question 17

Epakitin

Answer 17

binds phosphorus in the intestine, helping to eliminate the high blood phosphorus levels often seen in pets with renal failure.

Question 18

Glycosaminoglycans GI pharmacology

Answer 18

(GAGs) help to manage interstitial cystitis, a type of cystitis that is difficult to treat.

GAGs help to prevent microorganisms and crystals from sticking to the wall of the bladder.