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Sociology Alevel > Theories of Crime - 4.1 (Interactionism) > Flashcards

Theories of Crime - 4.1 (Interactionism) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

General Interactionist view on Deviance as SC

A

> No act is deviant, but labelling makes it so, so is a SC.

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2
Q

Crime as Social Construct Key Sociologists

A

> Becker (Crime as Social Construct & ME)

> Platt (Moral Entrepeneurs)

> Briar (Diff Enforcement)

> Circourel (Typfications, NOJ, Crime Stats)

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3
Q

Becker (Crime as Social Construct)

A

> Groups create deviance through rules, applying them to ppl they see as outsiders.

> Ppl only become deviant when labelled as so.

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4
Q

Moral Entrepreneurs

A

> Ppl deciding what’s morally acceptable in society e.g. gov & parents.

> Begin mission 4 new laws created/policed in belief it’ll aid in particular vulnerable groups in society.

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5
Q

Platt (Moral Entrepeneurs)

A

> Juvenile delinquents, campaign by UC victorian ME, wanting to protect young people.

> Made juve courts & extended powers to status offences e.g. truancy.

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6
Q

Becker (ME)

A

> US Bureau of Narcotics, campaigned for Marijuana Tax Act, to protect young people

> But really to expand influence - not harmfulness of act = new law, but efforts of powerful individuals.

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7
Q

Briar view on Differential Enforcement

A

> Social Control Agencies label certain groups as criminal

> Decisions to arrest based on CAGE e.g. ASBO’s commonly given to BAME.

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8
Q

Circourel (Typfications)

A

> Police see WC as typical delinquent individuals, + police areas = + arrests, confirms stereotype.

> Saw youth delinquency, due to LPF & poverty, stigmatise WC

> So unlikely to give non-custodial sentences to them.

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9
Q

Marxist Criticisms of Cicourel - Typifications

A

Fails to locate origins of labels in unequal capitalist society.

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10
Q

Cicourel NOJ Diff vs WC & MC kids)

A

> MC, parents negotiate kid out of justice, convincing them it’s 1 off won’t occur again - let them go

> But WC don’t this feel offender deserves to be punished.

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11
Q

Cicourel (Crime Stats as Topic Not Resource)

A

> Crime stats invalid, shouldn’t be taken @ face value.

> SC, don’t tell us about DF of crime, VS & SRS should be used instead - limitations of alt

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12
Q

Effects of Labelling (KS)

A

> Lemert (PD/SD)

> Young (Hippy Marijuana Users)

> Cohen (Deviancy Amp, Mods & Rockers)

> Triplett (Labelling & CJS Policy)

> Braithwaite (Reintegrative Shaming)

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13
Q

PD (Lemert) (1)

A

> No public labelling, unnoticed/meaningless ‘’moment of madness’’

> Don’t self identify as deviant.

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14
Q

SD (Lemert) (1)

A

Results from societal reaction, caught & labelled as criminal

> = excluded from normal society. e.g. as thief, junkie, pedo

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15
Q

Master Status (Lemert) (3)

A

> Society view offender only in terms of label, so now MS & becomes SFP.

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16
Q

Deviant Career (Lemert) 4)

A

> = + hostile reactions from society, can’t make amends e.g. lack of employment.

> Now outsider, confirm deviant identity, joining deviant subculture for status

17
Q

Deviancy Amplification

A

> Media exaggerates deviance of control 2 control them = + deviance = escalating spiral.

18
Q

Folk Devils

A

Scapegoat, media sees as outsiders, blamed for social problems, subject of MP

19
Q

Young (Hippy Marijuana Users)

A

> Drugs small part of hippies lifestyle, policies persecution of them as junkies.

> Develop deviant subcultures, w/ drug use as central activity

> Actions of police = + crime - DAS

20
Q

Cohen (DAS & Mods & Rockers)

A

> Media exaggeration = MP w/ + public concern.

> ME called for crackdown, police arrested + youth, = + concern.

> Seeing M&R as FD, marginalised them further, = + deviance.

21
Q

Labelling & CJS Policy - Triplett

A

> Tendency to see young ppl as evil & - tolerant of minor deviance, = +deviance

> So logical to have fewer rules e.g. decriminalising soft drugs

>

  • NO w/ convictions & end shame culture.
22
Q

Braithwaite (Disintegrative Shaming)

A

Crime & D shamed & excluded from society

23
Q

Braithwaite (Reintegrative Shaming)

A

> Label act not actor, opportunity for person to be forgiven, stops labelling so no SFP.

> e.g. Rehabilitation & Restorative Justice

24
Q

Criticisms of Braithwaite

A

Focus on how to rehabilitate offenders, not why they offend in 1st place.

25
Q

Strength of Labelling Theory

A

Link to Education

26
Q

A03 Criticisms of Labelling Theory (KS)

A

> Downes & Rock (Determinism)

> Marxism (Power Structures)

27
Q

Downes & Rock (Determinism)

A

Don’t know someone who’s been labelled will follow deviant career, can chose to not deviate more.

28
Q

General Criticisms of Labelling Theory

A

> Why do ppl do PD in 1st place, some actively chose deviance w/out labelling.

> Deviant becomes V & ignores real V.

29
Q

General Interactionist view on Mental Health & Suicide

A

> Stop relying on OS for suicide, need to study meanings of those doing it

> Just recording acts of doctors w/ power to attach labels e.g. depression

30
Q

Mental Health & Suicide (KS)

A

> Douglas (Meaning of Suicide)

> Atkinson (Coroners Commonsense Knowledge)

> Lemert (Paranoia as SFP)

> Goffman (Intuitionalism)

> Braginski (Example of Intuitionalism)

31
Q

Douglas (Meaning of Suicide)

A

> Rejects OS, as they’re SC, only tells about label applied by coroners/opinions of friends & family.

> Suicide notes, diaries, letters & interviews better 4 true meanings.

> But no reason to feel sociologist interpretation, will be truer > coroner?

32
Q

Atkinson (Coroners Commonsense Knowledge)

A

> OS based on coroners w/ taken 4 granted assumptions,

> W/ ideas on typical suicide affecting verdict e.g. types of death & location = SFP

33
Q

Criticisms of Atkinson

A

> If all we have are interpretations & not facts about social world.

> His theory itself is a interpretation & no good reason to accept it.

34
Q

Lemert - Paranoia as SFP

A

> Ppl may not fit into groups, due to PD x begins to be excluded

> X’s -ve response = SD, others are concerned w/mental health

> = medical label of paranoia & label mental patient becomes MS.

35
Q

Example of Total Institution

A

Psychiatric Hospital

36
Q

Goffman (Intuitionalism & Effects of Admittance to Total Institution)

A

> @ Admission Patient undergo mortification of self & prior identities killed off.

> Replaced w/ identity of inmate, w/ degradation rituals e.g. confiscation of personal possessions.

> Some become institutionalised, & can’t adjust 2 outside wrld, others develop resistance e.g. Bragnski

37
Q

Braginski (Example of Intuitionalism)

A

> Inmates manipulated symptoms to look not well enough 4 discharge

> but not sick enough 2 be confined 2 ward, so can get free movement in hospital

Sociology Alevel (33 decks)

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