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Sociology Alevel > Crime & Media - 4.6 > Flashcards

Crime & Media - 4.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Media Rep of Crime (KS)

A

> Wilson & Dickinson (Media Rep)

> Cohen & Young (Social Construction of News & News Values)

> Mandel (Fictional Rep)

> Surette ( (FR) & Law of Opposites, & 3 Recent Trends)

> Osbourne (Crime as PM Spectacle)

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2
Q

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

A

> Overreps Violent/Sexual Crime

> Criminals & V’s portrayed as older & + MC > reality

> Exaggerate police success & risk of victimisation

> Reported as separate events & overplays extraordinary crime

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3
Q

Overreps Violent/Sexual Crime (Examples of Media Distortion of Crime)

A

> Lots of reports but only 3% of crime

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4
Q

Criminals/V’s portrayed as older & + MC > reality

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

A

> e.g. Felson - Age Fallacy

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5
Q

Exaggerate police success & risk of victimisation

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

A

> PO big source of info, so present rep as good - so keep getting info

> Exaggerate victimisation of F, W, MC - actually - likely to be V’s

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6
Q

Reported as separate events & overplays extraordinary crime

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

A

> Unlinked & no discussion on underlying causes

> e.g. Felson Dramatic Fallacy focus only dramatic crimes to + engagement

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7
Q

Media SC of News/News Values (Cohen & Young)

A

> Distorted pic of crime, not discovered but manufactured

> Not just out their to be collected, process of selection of occurs, due 2 need 2 meet criteria

> 2 be newsworthy enough e.g. + attention 4 crime as it shows unusual behaviour

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8
Q

Examples of News Values

A

> Risk: V stories on vulnerability/fear
Violence: Visual & spectucular acts

> Celebrities
> Unexpectedness 
> Personalisation: Human interests stories about individuals 
> Immediacy: Breaking News
> Dramatisation: Action & Excitement
> Simplification: Clear stories

RV CUPIDS

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9
Q

Mandel (Fictional Representations)

A

> From 1945-85, 10 bil crime thrillers sold & 20% of films are crime-related

> Influence understanding of crime.

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10
Q

Surette (Fictional Representation (FR) & Law of Opposites)

A

> FR opp of OS but = as news coverage e.g. property crimes underep & violence/sex crime overep

> FR sex crimes done by psychopathic stranger, not acquaintances

> FR of cops always get but + crimes unsolved

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11
Q

Surette - Fictional Representation (FR) & Law of Opposites (3 Recent Trends)

A

> ‘Reality’ now feature young, non W offenders w/ + view of police as corrupt/brutal

> V’s + central, w/ law enforcers seen as avenger & audiences invited to identify w/ suffering

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12
Q

Osbourne (Crime as Postmodern Spectacle)

A

> Media reporting of crime due 2 need for spectacle.

> Engaging as we’re repelled by activities & fascinated @ = time.

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13
Q

Media as a Cause of Crime (KS)

A

> Tumber (Fear of Crime)
Greer & Reiner (Fear of Crime)

> Lea & Young (Media, RD & Crime)

> Hayward & Young (Cultural Criminology & Media-Scape)
Fenwick & Hayward (Cultural Criminology, Media & Commodification)

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14
Q

Media as Cause of Crime

A

> -ve effect on young & WC, rap lyrics, horror films & games

> e.g. GTA criticised for encouraging violence & criminality

> But research says exposure to media violence, w/ - effect

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15
Q

Ways Media Causes Crime

A 
> Imitation
> Arousal
> Desensitisation
> Transmitting Knowledge
> + Desires for unobtainable goods 
> Glamourisation of Offending
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16
Q

Imitation

A

Copycat behaviour e.g. deviant role models

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17
Q

Arousal

A

Viewing violent /sexual imagery.

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18
Q

Desensitisation

A

Repeated violent/sexual imagery - normal

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19
Q

Transmitting Knowledge

A

Of criminal techniques

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20
Q

+ Desires for unobtainable

A

e.g. advertising = innovation/LR & RD

21
Q

Livingstone (Criticisms of Media as Cause of Crime)

A

> Societies still obsessed by desire for childhood to be GA of innocence

22
Q

Media & Fear of Crime

A

> Exaggerate violence & risks of 4 young W/OAP = unrealistic fear

23
Q

Tumber (Fear of Crime)

A

>

  • media use = + fear of crime

> e.g. tabloid & TV users w/ + fear of being V of mugging/attack

24
Q

Criticisms of Tumber

A

> e.g. already scared of going out @ night, so + media as result

25
Q

Greer & Reiner (Fear of Crime)

A

> Ppl give diff meanings to media violence e.g. in cartoons, horror flims & news

> Need 2 look @ meanings of what they see & read

26
Q

Lea & Young (Media, RD & Crime))

A

> Media + RD on WC = due 2 emphasis on consumerism

> Stimulates social exclusion - WC can’t afford goods = theft

27
Q

Hayward & Young (Cultural Criminology & Media-Scape)

A

> Immersed in media scape w/images of crime in media-saturated society

> Blurs boundary vs image & reality e.g. gang violence staged 4 underground fight videos

28
Q

Fenwick & Hayward (Cultural Criminology Media & Commodification)

A

> Crime images used to market to youth as e.g. romantic & exciting

> e.g. fashion e.g. Opium, Poison & Obsession & S60

> Works opp way e.g. if brands associated w/ criminality banned in pubs etc & allows identification of potential criminals

29
Q

Process of MP

A

> ME dislike behaviour use media 2 put pressure on authorities

> = -ve label influences ppl’s reaction = MP

> Group become FD = crackdown, = SFP & amplifies issue creates DAS

30
Q

Moral Panic (KS)

A

> Cohen (Mods & Rockers, Media Exaggerations & Implications & Wider-Context)

> Functionalism

> NM

31
Q

Cohen (Moral Panic & Mods & Rockers)

A

> 1 weekend 2 subcultures w/ scuffles & small property damage exaggerated by media

> So looks uncontrollable & emphasize supposed diff

> Overnight a new FD created = MP

32
Q

Cohen & Elements to Media Exaggeration of M&R

A

> Symbolisation
Exaggeration & Distortion
Prediction of + Conflict

33
Q

Symbolisation (Elements to Media Exaggeration of M&R)

A

> Used symbolic shorthands e.g. hairstyles, clothes & music 2 spot deviants & link unconnected events

> Wider society + aware of = -ve labelling

34
Q

Exaggeration & Distortion (Elements to Media Exaggeration of M&R)

A

> Of NO’s & seriousness & damage w/sensational headlines

> Non-events even reported as news e.g. invasions not materialising

35
Q

Implications of Media Exaggerations

A

+ calls 4 control = + stigma as deviant - tolerance

> Media Emphasisation of diff = + adoptions of style & + clashes = SFP

> In large society don’t all exp event rely on media = portrayal as FD

36
Q

Cohen (Wider Context, MP & M&R)

A

> MP due 2 uncertainty on boundary vs im/morality @ time of SC

> FD give focus to popular anxieties on social disorder

37
Q

Functionalist view on MP

A

> Response 2 anomie due 2 SC dramatizes threat to society

>

  • CC & reassert social control after threat 2 central values.
38
Q

NM view on Moral Panics

A

> e.g. mugging distract attention from crisis of capitalism

> Divides WC on racial grounds & legitimate authoritarian rule.

39
Q

A03 Criticisms of MP (KS)

A

> LR

> McRobbie & Thornton (Frequency & Context)

40
Q

LR (Criticisms of MP)

A

> Sees societal reaction overtop, but who decides this, fear of crime is rational

41
Q

McRobbie & Thornton (Frequency & Context)

A

> Frequency of MP + not big deal

> No deviancy > e.g. LPF harder for media to create MP (Context)

42
Q

Global Cyber-Crime (KS)

A

> Thomas & Loader (Def of Cybercrime)

> Jewkes (New Opportunities)

> Wall (4 Categories of Cybercrime)

43
Q

Thomas & Loader (Def of Cybercrime)

A

Illegal Computer activity w/use of global electronic networks

44
Q

Jewkes (New Opportunities)

A

> Tech allows 4 conventional crimes e.g. fraud & new ones e.g. software piracy

45
Q

Wall (4 Categories of Cybercrime)

A

> Cyber-Trespass
Cyber-Deception
Cyber-Porn
Cyber-Violence

46
Q

Cyber-Trespass & Deception

A

> Hacking & spreading viruses (CT)

> Identity Theft, violation of IP rights e.g. illegal downloads (CD)

47
Q

Cyber-Porn & Violence

A

> Now w/minors & accessible 4 kids online (CP)

> Cyberstalking, Cyberbullying (CV)

48
Q

Policing Cyber Crime

A

> Hard due 2 complexity & limited resources of PO/globalised nature

> Alao allows + ways 2 surveil pop e.g. CCTV, fingerprints etc

Sociology Alevel (33 decks)

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