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Neuro Study Group > Theme 14 yall > Flashcards

Theme 14 yall Flashcards

1
Q

Role of left hemisphere

A

(in right hander)

  • Language comprehension
  • Language expression
  • phonetics
  • Lexicon

Broca’s effected here

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2
Q

Right anterior damage

A

wrong intonation( tone of voice)

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3
Q

Right posterior damage

A

difficulty in interpretation

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4
Q

Role of right hemisphere

A

emotional and pragmatics and language.

Needed to get jokes and sarcasm

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5
Q

Incoming spoken word path

A
  1. Auditory path
  2. Wernicke’s
  3. evocation of word meaning near Wernicke’s
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6
Q

Outgoing spoken word path

A
  1. Wernicke’s
  2. Arcuate fasciculus
  3. Broca’s
  4. Motor
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7
Q

Reading Pathway

A
  1. Visual
  2. Wernicke’s
  3. vocation of word meaning near Wernicke’s
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8
Q

Writing Pathway

A
  1. Wernicke’s
  2. Arcuate fasciculus
  3. Brocas
  4. Motor
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9
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A 
pronunciation:Normal
Content:ABNORMAL
Repetition:ABNORMAL
Comprehension:VERY ABNORMAL
Written Comp:ABNORMAL 
Writing:Penmanship good but misspellings 
Naming: ABNORMAL
Other:Sometimes Hemaniopia

Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus Brodmann’s 22

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10
Q

Brocas Aphasia

A 
pronunciation:Stuttering
Content:Agrammatical 
Repetition:ABNORMAL
Comprehension:Normal
Written Comp:Worse than spoken
Writing:Clumsy 
Naming:Better than spontaneous speech
Other:Hemiplegia, apraxia

Inferior frontal Cortex Brodmann’s 44 & 55

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11
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A 
pronunciation:normal
Content:some wrong
Repetition:ABNORMAL
Comprehension:slightly abnormal
Written Comp:normal
Writing:spelling errors
Naming:Ocassial wrong
Other:slight hemiparesis, neglect of right side

Arcuate Fasciculus

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12
Q

Gerstmann Syndrome

A 
pronunciation:normal
Content:normal
Repetition:normal
Comprehension:normal
Written Comp:VERY ABNORMAL
Writing:VERY ABNORMAL
Naming:ABNORMAL

Angular gyrus Brodmann’s 39

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13
Q

Global Aphasia

A 
pronunciation:VERY ABNORMAL
Content:VERY ABNORMAL
Repetition:VERY ABNORMAL
Comprehension:VERY ABNORMAL
Written Comp:VERY ABNORMAL
Writing:VERY ABNORMAL
Naming:VERY ABNORMAL
Other:Hemiplegia, hemiparesis

Combination of Broca’s Wernicke’s and conduction

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14
Q

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

A 
pronunciation:fluent
Content:ABNORMAL
Repetition:normal
Comprehension:ABNORMAL
Written Comp:VERY ABNORMAL
Writing:VERY ABNORMAL
Naming:VERY ABNORMAL
Other: Hemianopia, hemisensory loss

Damage to occipital-temporal-parietal watershed zone between posterior and middle cerebral artery territories

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15
Q

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

A 
pronunciation:nonfluent,stuttering
Content:agramatical 
Repetition:normal
Comprehension:normal some difficulty 
Written Comp:normal
Writing:ABNORMAL
Naming:ABNORMAL improves with cues
Other:Hemiplegia Apraxia

Damage to frontal watershed zone between middle and anterior cerebral artery

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16
Q

Alexia

A

Word blindness

Damage to left visual cortices and splenium of the corpus callosum

17
Q

ADHD criteria

A

at least 6 months of 6 or more specific symptoms of inattention or Hyperactivity

Sign symptoms present before age 12

Symptoms in 2 or more settings

18
Q

Transient Global amnesia

A

occurs in older men, only recent event and information can be remembered for a few minutes

Causes: TIA, basilar artery migraine, physical or psychic stress

19
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff anmesia

A

seen in alcoholics due to thiamine(B1) deficiency

Confabulation(making up stories to fill in the gaps) and confusion are hallmarks of the amnesia

Diencephalic Amnesia

20
Q

Diencephalic Amnesias characteristics

A

Remote memory deficit
Normal Rate of Forgetting
Poor insight and confabulation

EX: Werinke-korsakoff

21
Q

Bilateral Mesial Temporal Amnesias

A

Intact remote memory
Rapid forgetting
Impaired Consolidation
Intact insight

22
Q

Hippocampal Trisynaptic Circuit Route

A

input to Entorhinal

  1. Dentate Gyrus to 2.CA3 pyramidal cells VIA mossy fibers
  2. CA3 pyramidal cells to
  3. CA1 pyramidal cells VIA Schaffer collateral

Ends at Subiculum and back to Entorninal to generate synaptic plasticity

23
Q

Extended Memory System

A

Perirhinal and parahippocampal region

24
Q

Delirium pathology

A

Deficit in cholinergic function

Deficit in Reticular Activating system

25
Q

Neuroanatomical cause Alzheimer’s

A

Cortical atrophy
Hippocampal atrophy
Enlarged ventricles

26
Q

Neurochemical cause Alzheimer’s

A

Multiple neurotransmitter deficiencies

Loss of cholinergic ACH in the nucleus basalis of Meynert

27
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

Caused by multiple infarcts patient typically has history of CVD

  • Sudden
  • Heachaches and seizures

Treat CVD first

28
Q

Frontotemporal Dementia

A

AKA Picks

Similar to Alzheimer’s disease but “frontal signs prominent early”

*Disinhibition and Personality changes

29
Q

Lew Body Dementia

A

Fluctuating cognition
Visual hallucinations
mild parkinsonism

REM-sleep disorder preceded LBD by many years

1 year rule if dementia in one year of motor signs= LBD

If longer than year is Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

30
Q

If cues help memory?

A

Retrieval prefrontal damage

31
Q

If cues don’t help memory?

A

encoding mesial temporal damage

32
Q

Copying and drawing part of brain

A

Right Parietal

33
Q

Prefrontal Test

A

Test executive function

Abstraction

Wisconsin Card sorting

Stroop Test

Neuro Study Group (73 decks)

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