T3: Human Development I Flashcards
Throughout year one of physical development, primitive reflexes begin to disappear. What reflex disappears by 3 months and is involves three distinct components: spreading out the arms (abduction); unspreading the arms (adduction); crying (usually)?
A. Endogenous smiling reflex B. Moro reflex C. Rooting and sucking reflex D. Palmar reflex E. Babinski reflex
B. Moro reflex
Endogenous smiling reflex disappears by 2 months.
Rooting and sucking reflex disappears by 4 months.
Palmar reflex disappears by 6 months.
Babinski reflex disappears by 24 months.
Your baby just turned 8 months old and has reached all developmental milestones up until this point. Which motor skill development is the baby expected to have at this point? (mm)
A) Stand with support B) Rolls and sits C) Pincer grasp D) Crawls E) Lifts head up prone
Answer: A - at 8 months the baby should begin to stand with support
rolls and sits is at 6 month
pincer grasp is at 10 months
crawls is at 8-9 months
lifts head up prone is at 1 month
reaches for objects is at 3 months
cruises/first steps is 12-18
An increase in the activity of the Ventral Striatum will elicit a specific response similar to an increase of activity in which of the following? (mm)
A) Amygdala B) Lentiform C) Raphe Nuclei D) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex E) Substanstia Niagra
Answer: D - Higher activity in the ventral striatum will cause lower anxiety. Higher activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex will also lower anxiety.
A - inc activity = anxiety
c- makes seratonin
e- makes dopamine
You observe a child with the following characteristics:
Self aware, uses symbols, concrete use of objects, intentions, parallel play, and sense of justice. How old is the child? (mm)
A) 0-6 months B) 6-12 months C) 12- 18 months D) 18-24 months E) 24- 30 months
Answer: D - This child is currently in year two of development and is showing cognitive and emotion/social development. the child is specifically 18-24 months old because it is showing parallel (symbolic) play.
solitary play (sensorimotor) is at <18 months cooperative play (imaginary) 3-4 yrs
An 18 month old child is using advanced communication through sounds and imitation, but not yet using real words. Characterize her condition. (MG)
A. Normal developmental level for her age
B. A pervasive developmental disorder
C. Hearing Deficit
D. Attachment problems
B. A pervasive developmental disorder - echolalia is a result of wide-spread cognitive deficits. At 1.5 years old, she should be able to use real words to communicate.
Hearing deficits present as lack of babbling at 6 months old. Also, a child that is unable to hear well would not show advanced babbling/fake speech.
Attachment problems are seen around 3 months if the baby does not utilize their smile reflex. This can be a red flag for abuse.
The DENVER II Scale estimates the developmental status of a child based on their performance on which of the following criteria? (MG) A. Gross motor ability B. Fine motor adaptive C. Personal-social ability D. Language E. All of the above F. None of the above
E. All of the above
This is the system that uses horizantal bar charts to place children in percentiles based on their performance in these areas.
A one year old girl starts grabbing objects with a pincer grasp instead of relying on her palmar reflex to hold things. What is this an indication of? (MG) A. Proper corticospinal development B. Proper corticobulbar development C. Proper rubrospinal development D. Proper prefrontal cortex development
A. Proper corticospinal development
Pincer grasp requires good corticopsinal development as it is a fine motor skill and involves intentional grasping.
A 3 month old is brought to doctor due to their concern that their child has developmental delays. Which would be a “red flag” at this age?
A. Absent babbling B. Non-persistent fisting C. Absent Smile D. Failure to Reach for Objects E. Persistent Mouthing F. Failure to sit with no support
RFA
C. Absent Smile- is a red flag for a child at 3 month old
A. Absent Babbling - 6 months
B. Persistent fisting would be a red flag at 3 month
D. Failure to Reach for Objects - 6 months
E. Persistent Mouthing- 12 months
F. Sit without support- 6-8 months
Ahmed is a 4 year old boy and she loves to have tea parties with her imaginary friend a Dog in Goggles he named Bob Saget. What type of play is Ahmed taking part in.
A. Solitary Play B. Cooperative Play C. Sensorimotor Play D. Parrell Play E. Symbolic F. Foreplay
RFA
B. Cooperative Play -which is also called imaginative play start in children between the ages 3-4 ( can play with other and imagine scenarios and make believe)
A & C- Solitary or Sensorimotor Play- starts at less than 18 months ( chewing, touching feeling toys kids play alone)
D & E- Parrel or Symbolic play- starts at 18- 2 years old ( pushing and interacting more can watch how someone plays with toy and mimic)
F. Foreplay- get your mind out of the gutter you sicko, the kid is 4, but it is Ahmed so this is also a likely answer.
Taquito is a monkey that has a less than great mother,Chalupa. Taquito will search for his mother but if Chalupa tries to touch him Taquito will bite and scratch to get away. What type parenting did Chalupa probably show Taquito.
A. Neglect
B. Inconsistency
C. Abuse
D. Amazing
RFA
B. parental inconsistency - Anxious Resistant show by child who may seek mother followed by resisting physical interaction
A. Neglect-Anxious Avoidant- Child avoid interaction with mother
C. Abuse- Disorganized- child exhibits confusion in presence of mother, followed by resistance and fear.
D Amazing- you didn’t read the Vinnette, why are you wasting your time reading this then?
A patient comes in with her infant of 5 months who keeps his fingers curled up into a fist. What type of deficit does this condition potentially indicate?
A. Neuromuscular and Cognitive B. Neuromuscular C. Cognitive D. Neuromuscular and Visual E. Neuromuscular, Visual, and Cognitive
FA
B.) the red flag of persistent fisting only indicates a potential Neuromuscular deficit. Maybe this baby will have a strong career in porn, because his fisting didn’t disappear at 3 months.
A new born infants develops the ability to reach for objects. This milestone is associated with the disappearance of which of the following primitive reflexes?
A. Rooting Reflex B. Sucking Reflex C. Maro Reflex D. Babinski Reflex E. Palmar Grasp Reflex
FA
C. the ability to reach for objects develops around the time of 3 months of age. The Maro Reflex, in which upon hearing a loud noise, the infant will extend his or her arms and legs. So being able to reach for objects co-insides with the innate reflex of extending your limbs.
Explain the concept of schemas, assimilation, and Accommodation
FA
Schemas are representations of an idea in the form of an outline or set of rules. Accommodation is the changing of those set of rules to allow new information to be incorporated into the schema. Assimilation is the pure addition of the of new rules or experiences to the schema
