T2: Neurotransmitters & Synaptic Transmission I Flashcards
Loss of which protein in the synaptic terminal would lead to failure of vesicle liberation? (mm)
A) Synapsin B) Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependant Protein Kinase C) Rab Proteins D) SNARE Proteins E) Synaptophysin
Answer - B - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependant Protein Kinase liberates vesicles by promoting phosphorylation of synapsin. (Ca2+ also promotes opening of fusion pore)
A- tethers vesicles to cytoskeleton
C- Facilitate movement towards active zones
D- docking proteins
E- Probably forms fusion pore to allow release of Nuerotransmitter
The constellation that distributes ACH is located where? (mm)
A) Caudally and Ventrally to the Corpus Callosum
B) Ventral Pontine Tectum
C) Medial and Ventral to the Basal Ganglia
D) Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
E) Locus Ceruleus
Answer: C - ACH is a excitatory neurotransmitter distributed from two constellations: The basal forebrain constellation ( medial and ventral to the basal ganglia) and the dorsolateral pontine tegmental constellation
D- 1 of 3 Constellations for Dopamine
E- Constellation for NorEpi
This nueroactive peptide is inhibited indirectly by 5-HT and is released into the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is classified as an? (mm)
A) Tachykinin
B) Opioid
C) Indolamine
D) AA Transmitter
Answer: A- Substance P is being described . It is synthesize in peripheral unmyelinated nociceptive fibers. Released into the spinal dorsal horn and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and inhibited indirectly by 5-HT and NE.
(5-HT and NE excited Enkephalinergic Nuerons)
B- beta endorphin and enkephalin
C- serotonin
D- GABA and Glutamate
Patient is diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Where is the overactive molecule characterized by this disease synthesized? (MG) A. Adrenal cortex B. Adrenal medulla C. Locus coeruleus D. Substantia nigra
C. locus coeruleus
This is where norepinephrine is synthesized. It is then secreted at inappropriate levels by the adrenal cortex.
The type of nerve fibres that synthesize substance P are characterized as (MG)
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Schwann Cells
C. Central fibers that lack myelination
D. Peripheral fibers that lack myelination
D. peripheral fibers that lack myelination
After consuming copious amounts of Ativan, a man is rushed to the ER with Ataxia and respiratory distress. By which mechanism does this drug act?
A) Allosterically activating GABA-a receptors
B) Allosterically activating GABA-b receptors
C) Inhibiting NMDA receptors
D) Inhibiting M1 receptors
E) Inhibiting Nicotinic receptors
FA
A) Allosterically activating GABA-a receptors
Benzodiazepines allosterically activates GABA Chlorine channels, allowing more chlorine to pass through the receptor, decreasing the likely hood of any action potential occurring
Which of the following receptors requires glycine to bind to it for activation?
A) GABA-b B) NMDA C) AMPA D) D-2 E) 5-HT-3
FA
B) NMDA receptors require glycine bound to the Strychnine-binding site for the opening of the channel. Depolarization must be sufficient for the removal of magnesium from the central pore as well.
The type of nerve fibres that synthesize substance P are characterized as (MG)
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Schwann Cells
C. Central fibers that lack myelination
D. Peripheral fibers that lack myelination
D. peripheral fibers that lack myelination
Strychnine is considered a \_\_\_\_\_ of glycine. (MG) A. Competitive Antagonist B. Non-competitive antagonist C. Nonspecific antagonist D. Allosteric antagonist
A. Competitive Antagonist
Strychnine binds to the receptors for glycine
A patient comes in with a genetic defect in production of glutamate which enzyme does he lack?
A. Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase B. COMT C. Alpha-oxoglutarate transaminase D. MOA F. Glutamine Synthase
RFA
C. Alpha-oxoglutarate transaminase
Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase- 5 hydroxytryptophan to serotonin
COMT-involved in Dopamine metabolism
MOA- Degrade of NE, E and Dopamine
Glutamine Synthase- synthesis of Glutamine from Glutamate
Which of these uses a dense core vesicle? A. Dopamine B. Epinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Serotonin E. Taurine F. GABA G.Aspartate H. Tryptamine
RFA
D. Serotonin- while Serotonin is a low weight neurotransmitter and most neurotransmitters use small clear vesicles it was stated in the DLA that Serotonin and NE use dense core vesicles from the terminal end which is usual for propeptides.
All of the others are low weight neurotransmitters and use the small clear vesicles.
In a lab a drug is seen to have a exhitory response on axons. Which chemical synapse is this most likely acting on?
A. Axoaxonic
B.Axosomatic
C. Axodendritic
D. Axonneuclic
RFA
C. Axodendritic are usually excitatory though they can be inhibitory more proximal
Axoaxonic & Axosomatic are both inhibitory
Axonneuclic is not a thing, I made it up
