T1: Organization of the NS I Flashcards
The telencephalon is derived from the \_\_\_\_\_ and also known as the \_\_\_\_\_. (MG) A. Caudal prosencephalon, interbrain B.Rostral prosencephalon, end brain C. Rhombencephalon, midbrain D. Mesencephalon, midbrain
B. Rostral prosencephalon, end brain
Which layer of the cerebral cortex creates connections between ipsilateral cortical areas? (MG) I II III IV V VI
Layer II: the external granular layer creates these connections via assoiciation fibers
The largest pyramidal cells are found in which layer of the cerebral cortex? (MG) I II III IV V VI
Layer V: This is your corticospinal tract. The pyramidal cells here can make synaptic connections with caudal spinal neurons.
Cranial Nerve VI is from which part of the brain? (mm)
A) Telencephalon B) Diencephalon C) Mesencephalon D) Metencephalon E) Myelencephalon
ANSWER: Metencephalon- Cranial Nerves V, VI, VII, and VII
Tele - closely tied to olfactory nerves dien- CN II Mesen- III, and IV Meten- V, VI, VII, VIII Myelen- IX, X, XI, XII
The boundary for the Redlich-Obersteiner (transitional) zone is centrally bounded by which cell? (mm)
A) Ogliodendrocyte B) Type II Glial Cell C) Schwann Cell D) Astrocyte E) Ependymal Cell
Answer: A- Ogliodendroctye
The Redlich-Obersteiner zone or transitional zone is the boundary between the CNS and PNS. It is between the junctions of nerve roots and brain/spinal cord. The first node of ranvier is CENTRALLY bounded by an ogliodendrocyte and PERIPHERALLY bounded by a schwann cell. The boundary between CNS and PNS is thus marked by the basal lamina of the schwann cell.
During the falling phase of an action potential the flux is? (mm)
A) Influx of Na B) Influx of K C) Influx of Ca D) Efflux of Na E) Efflux of K F) Efflux of Ca
Answer: E - Efflux of K
Depolarization induces the delayed opening of voltage gated K+ channels. The efflux of K+ ions along their electrochemical gradient eventually repolarizes yielding the falling phase and subsequent overshoot.
A- Influx of Na during rising phase
B,C,D,F - completely wrong, Ca would be in cardiac
Which of the following designates the Blood-Nerve Barrier within the Peripheral Nervous System?
A) Epineurium B) Perineurium C) Endoneurium D) Myelin Sheaths E) Nodes of Ranvier
FA
Answer: B) Perineurium envelops nerve fiber bundles (fascicles) and is composed of concentric layers of perineurial cells and sparse colla- gen fibers. Perineurial cells connect to one another via tight junctions (zonula occludens), creating an effective blood–nerve barrier that ensures isolation of peripheral nerve fibers from the interstitial fluid compartment of the body. The role of perineurium as a blood–nerve bar- rier in the peripheral nervous system is analogous to the role of arachnoid mater in establishing a blood–brain barrier in the CNS.
The enlargements of the spinal cord occur at which of the following spinal vertebrae? A) L2 B) T4 C) C5 D) L5 E) T10
FA
Answer: D.) Enlargements of the spinal cord occur at the levels of C7/8 and L5
Which of the following structures would be considered grey matter? A.) Prefrontal Cortex B.) Corpus Colosseum C.) Ventral Rami of the spinal cord D.) Gray Rami communicans E.) Central Canal
FA
Answer: A) Prefrontal Cortex - superficial cortex is composed of gray matter
Which contains the cerebral aqueducts? A. Telencephalon B.Mesencephalon C. Metencephalon D. Mylencephalon
RFA
B. The cerebral aqueducts in in the Mesencephalon.
The Telencephalon contains the lateral ventricles.
The Metencephalon and the Mylencephalon share the Fourth Ventricle
And the Diencephalon contains the third ventricle
Rostral to the midbrain which of these is the most dorsal?
A. Parietal lobe B. Fornix C. Occipital Lobe D. Temporal Lobe E. Cerebellum F. Corpus Callosum
RFA
A. parietal lobe- Rostral to the midbrain dorsal refers to top and Parietal Lobe is the above the other location
or as in the case of Cerebellum is not above the midbrain so is not rostral to it.
A man in carrying his baby and swinging it around like a loaf of bread. Cause of his carelessness the baby slips from his grip and fall on is soft doughy head. In a panic he rushes to the hospital for help. The Dr. wants to first examine if the hemispheres are still symmetrical. Which cut would be the best for this comparison? A. Tranpodian B. Coronal C. Sagittal D. Horizontal
RFA
B. Coronal-in a coronal cut the hemispheres of a healthy patient should be roughly symmetrical.
Tranpodian isn’t a thing I made that up. ( I wanted four answer choices)
Sagittal- Give a side view and only shows one hemisphere.
Horizontal- Shows both hemispheres but only at one level.
What is the embryological origin for the region of the brain that is responsible for: motor information from cerebral cortex to the cerebellum within its ventral region, and respiration, taste, and circuits controlling sleep/wake cycles within its dorsal region?
A. Telecephalon B. Metencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Diencephalon E. Myelon
B. Metencephalon
The Pons is responsible for these functions and is a component of the Metencephalon.
Pons:
Ventral region relays motor information from cerebral cortex to cerebellum.
Dorsal region involved in respiration, taste, and circuits controlling sleep/wake cycles.
Regulates motor function.
