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Neuro Study Group > Theme 12 Shiz > Flashcards

Theme 12 Shiz Flashcards

1
Q

Pons Pneumotaxic Center (PRG)

A

Maintains normal breathing pattern

fine tunes breathing rhythm in sleep speech and exercise

-Inhibits apneustic center

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2
Q

Apneustic Center(Lower PRG)

A

Tonic facilitation of inspiration

Excites pre-Botzinger complex

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3
Q

DRG

A

input from pulm. stretch receptors and output to VRG

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4
Q

Caudal VRG

A

expiratory neurons

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5
Q

Rostral VRG

A

inspiratory neurons

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6
Q

Pre-Botzinger Complex

A

inspiratory neurons

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7
Q

Hypothalamic breathing

A

signals VRG

Pain and emotional breathing rate

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8
Q

Cortical breathing

A

bypasses medulla

Voluntary breathing

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9
Q

Lesion in forebrain breathing

A

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

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10
Q

Lesion in midbrain breathing

A

Hyperventilation

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11
Q

Lesions pons breathing

A

Apneusis(inspiratory cramps)

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12
Q

Lesion in lower pons/upper medulla breathing

A

Ataxic respiration

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13
Q

What resets the circadian clock

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

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14
Q

What amino acid shows sleep pressure

A

Adenosine

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15
Q

What turns off the arousal system aka Sleep Center

A

Ventral Preoptic region(VLPO)
in the anterior hypothalamus

Controlled by GABA

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16
Q

Key regions of wakefulness?

A

Midbrain
ARAS
Hypothalamus
Basal Forebrain

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17
Q

Cholinergic system

A

Projects directly to the thalamus

18
Q

Monoaminergic system

A

Projects directly to the cortex

19
Q

Brain Activity of conscious perception

A

Thalamocortical oscillation 30-70Hz (gamma bands)

20
Q

Major cholinergic nuclei in the Ras

A
  1. Pedunculopontine nuclues
  2. Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus

they project to the Thalamus and Basal forebrain to Cortex

21
Q

Vegetative State

A

Develops after coma
Loss of ability to think speak and respond

Autonomic and breathing intact

Normal Sleep Patern

Ex: bilateral middle cerebral infarct

22
Q

Locked in Syndrome

A

Due to basilar artery blockage(pons infarction)

Paralysis of all voluntary muscles except vertical eye movement

Fully aware of environment

EEG Normal

23
Q

Brain Death

A

Irreversible loss of all brain functions

24
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

8 is critical score
9-11 moderate
12-15 minor

25
Q

Diencephalic damage eyes

A

small

26
Q

CNIII uncal damage eyes

A

Dilated on side of uncal herniation

27
Q

Midbrain damage eyes

A

midpostion

28
Q

Encephalophy, drugs effect eyes

A

small

29
Q

Pretectal damage eyes

A

large

30
Q

Pons damage eyes

A

pinpoint

31
Q

Hypocretin

A

deficiency in Narcolepsy (spinal tap needed to test)

Hypothalamic neuropeptide

Deficiency may be autoimmune-related

32
Q

How to different OSA and CSA

A

OSA(obstructive sleep apnea)- PSG will show thoracic effort

CSA(Central sleep apnea)-no thoracic effort occurs

33
Q

Difference between Restless legs and Periodic legs Syndrome?

A

Restless legs patient is fully aware of movements

Periodic Limb Movements patient is unaware of movements

34
Q

Rats brain sex differences

A

SDN(Sexaul Dimorphic Nuclues) 4X larger in males

35
Q

Brain difference in sexs people

A

INAH3( Interstitial Nuclei of the Anterior Hypothalamus )2x larger volume, neuronal number and size in males (maker of sexaul orientation)

Bed Nucleus Stria Terminalis larger in males (BNST + IANH-3 marker for gender identity)

Most regions of female brain have higher gray matter density

Female suprachiasmatic Nuclei elongated

Male spherical suprachiasmatic Nuclei

36
Q

Androgen insensitive cause cause

A

mutation in gene that produces androgen receptors

Potential cause for female identity in males

37
Q

Effect of early estrogen (Diethylstilbestrol) on females

A

Higher rate of homosexaulity and bisexuality compared to control

larger SDN

Blunted LH secretion

38
Q

Test to differentiate psychiatric vs organic basis for erectile problems?

A

Snap Gauge Test

39
Q

Etiology of Paraphilias

A

Testerone level
Frontal Lobe dysfunction and serotonin dysregulation
Classical conditioning

40
Q

Bulimia Etiology

A

Low Serotonin, poor impulse control

41
Q

What inhibits body movement during REM

A

Gycineric Ventromedial medulla neurons, release GABA and Glycine to inhibit muscle contraction

42
Q

DMH

A

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, integrates: feeding,temperature and light cues from SPZ( subparaventricular zone) and SCN( suprachiasmatic nucleus)

Neuro Study Group (73 decks)

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