T2: Neurotransmitters & Synaptic Transmission II Flashcards
You and your class are being absolutely crushed by your student loans. Your roommate decides to buy the extra cheap Russian canned food for a cent each to save money. He promptly gets an infection and dies. Your professor explains that the mechanism of his death was because the cleavage of synaptobrevin disrupts docking and therefore acetylcholine release. What killed your roommate? (mm)
A) Tetanus Toxin B) 4-Aminopyridine C) Botulinum Toxin D) Lidocaine E) Pilocarpine
Answer: C- the mechanism is said in the Q and it also enters terminals of peripheral motor neurons
A- Same mech but glycine release f’d up and motor neurons become disinhibited. enters terminals of peripheral motor neurons to retrograde transport using what???????? its dynein then transferred to an inhibitory internueron
B- blocks VG Ca channels thus reduces impulse dependent influx of calcium suppressing acetylcholine release
D- blocks VG Na channels but u still have graded
E- muscarinic agonist so dec intraocular and dry mouth
A budding young garden enthusiast presents to the ED with muscular convulsions. His mother says that he loves to garden was rummaging through the old rusty shed in the backyard looking for tools and pesticides. The young enthusiast was affected by something that blocks motor neuron receptors for glycine from inhibitory interneurons. What toxic substance poisoned this child? (mm)
A) Strychnine B) Tetanus Toxin C) Clostridium Botulinum D) Nematicide E) Neostigmine
Answer - A
B- blocks release of glycine from the inhibitory interneuron
C- this is botulin toxin
D- this is a pesticide
E- anti cholinesterase inhibitor
describe what a muscle cell EPP in absence of extracellular calcium would be like. (mm)
A muscle cell not having extracellular calcium would mean that the p is low (probability vesicle will undergo exocytosis) and there will be spontaneous release with amplitudes that are multiples of a set minimum
Increased duration of action potentials results from 4-aminopyridine blocking which type of channels? (MG) A. Voltage gated sodium channels B. Voltage gated potassium channels C. Ligand gated calcium channels D. Ligand gated sodium channels
B. Voltage gated potassium channels
Block voltage gated potassium channels to create an increased influx of calcium through voltage gated calcium channels which causes increased release of Ach by peripheral motor neurons and enhanced muscular contractions
Which of the following neurotransmitters is cleared from synapses by transporters in the nerve endings or glia? (MG) A. Acetylcholine B. Glutamate C. Peptides D. Gases
B. Glutamate
ACh is metabolized by acetylcholinesterase, peptides primarily diffuse
You prescribe your patient a course of aminoglycoside antibiotics. These antibiotics cause weakness by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels and affect the release of what neurotransmitter? (MG) A. Glycine B. Serotonin C. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine E. Norepinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
Blockage of voltage gated calcium channels results in less release of ACh resulting in weakness
Describe the mechanism in which temporal summation occurs via the acoustic startle response.
FA
Sound heard is processed through the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and converges with the central nucleus of the amygdala onto the nucleus reticular pontis caudalis. this convergence makes it more likely to elicit a startle response via sound.
Which of the following neurotransmitters requires calmodulin for its formation?
A) B-Endorphine B) Substance P C) NO D) ACh E) Met-Enkephalin
FA
C) NO - Calmodulin combines with intracellular calcium at in the post synaptic neuron to activate cNOS, which converts Arginine into NO and Citruline
What neurotransmitter is primarily secreted within the Raphe nuclei?
A) 5-HT B) B-Endorphines C) ACh D) Glycine E) GABA
FA
A) 5-HT (serotonin) is the neurotransmitter that is primarily secreted within the Raphe nucleus.
Free, a dock worker is working his usual hussle at the Grenadian shipyard. Due to Grenada’s lack of workplace safety regulations he steps on a rusty nail. A few weeks pass and he doesn’t show up for work one day. He is found in his house in bed suffering from muscle spasms. Which neurotransmitter’s release is being blocked.
A. GABA C. ACh B. Serotonin D. Glycine E. Endorphine
RFA
D. Glycine- Free is suffering from Tetanus
A pharmacologist is testing a drug that travels in vesicles similar to transmitters. Which quantal release variable would most accurately represent total exocytosed drug vesicles.
A. p B. n C.q D.pn E. pq G. nq
RFA
D. PN= number of vesicles expected to participate in exocytosis
P=probability vesicles will undergo exocytosis
N= number of vesicles available for exocytosis
Q is NOT a variable in quantal release
Which is true of EPPs?
A. Characteristic when P is low
B. Seen is muscle cells only in the presence of Ca
C. Associated with GABA
D. EPPs amplitudes have unlimited variance
RFA
A. Characteristic when P( probability of vesicle will undergo exocytosis) is low
spontaneous EPPs are seen in the absence of Ca
GABA- is inhibitory
EPPs have a set minimum amplitude
