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V.ANAT 121 > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system (4)

A

 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary Bladder
 Urethra

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2
Q

Functions of the urinary system (4)

A

 It gets rid of the waste products that are created when food is transformed into energy
 It maintains the correct balance of water and electrolytes (salts) within the body’s cells
 It produces hormones called erythropoietin and renin, which are important in maintaining healthy blood pressure, producing blood cells, and absorbing salt correctly
 It processes vitamin D.

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3
Q

 Reddish, brown, paired, bean-shaped, compound tubular glands that secrete urine
 Averages 6-9cm in length, 4-5cm in width, 3-4cm in thickness; 25-35gms weight

A

Kidney

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4
Q

 Both kidneys are __________, located
in the ________ region

A

retroperitoneal

sublumbar

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5
Q

 In some lean animals, it is possible to examine kidneys by _____ ________ __________

A

deep abdominal palpation

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6
Q

◦ The kidneys (esp the left one) are less firmly attached in ___ than in ___.

A

cat

dog

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7
Q

Which kidney is more cranial

A

R kidney

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8
Q

• Each kidney lobe consists of a _________ ______ and its associated cortex.

A

Medullary pyramid

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9
Q

• A _____ ______ is defined as a portion of the kidney containing those _______ that are served by a common collecting duct.

A

Renal lobule

Nephrons

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10
Q

covers the surface of the kidney (very strong)

A

Capsula fibrosa

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11
Q

an oval opening at the medial border that transmits the ureter, renal a&v, lymph vessels and nerves

A

Renal hilus

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12
Q

open space in the kidney

A

Renal sinus

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13
Q

funnel-shaped sac-like structures, connected to the ureter, that collects urine from the collecting ducts of the kidney

A

Renal pelvis

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14
Q

part of the medulla that projects into the renal pelvis

A

Renal crest

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15
Q

inner parenchyma of the kidney; appears striated and lighter in color than the cortex

A

Medulla

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16
Q

outer parenchyma of the kidney; appears granulated because of renal corpuscles & convoluted tubules

A

Cortex

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17
Q

 basic unit of urine production
 composed of glomerulus + bowman’s capsule, collectively called renal or malpighian corpuscle

A

Nephron

18
Q

 after twisting and coiling of convoluted tubule, it will pass through a narrow pathway called ____ __ _____
 then the urine will go to the collecting ducts
 And pathway continues…

A

Loop of Henle

19
Q

Urine pathway

A

glomerulus (renal corpuscle) –> proximal convoluted tubule –> descending loop of Henle –> loop of Henle –> ascending loop of Henle –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct –> papillary duct –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder –> urethra –> out of the body

20
Q

Kidney is highly _______

A

vascular

21
Q

 Nerve supply of kidney:

A

vagus nerve or CN X

22
Q

*Vessels and Nerves

A

Aorta –> renal a. –> segmented a. –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a. –> interlobular a. –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus (renal corpuscle) –> efferent arteriole –> venule – > interlobular v. –> arcuate v. –> interlobar v. –> renal v. –>caudal vena cava

23
Q

*Anomaly of the kidneys

_________ ______are more common in dogs (an autosomal dominant inherited disease in bull terriers) than in cats and pigs

A

Polycystic kidneys

24
Q

*Anomaly

(very small kidney)

A

Hypoplasia

25
Q

*Anomaly

( failure of one kidney to develop)

A

Aplasia

26
Q

*Anomaly

(bilateral rudimentary development)

A

Hypogenesia

27
Q

*Anomaly

associated with hypertension in the first decade of life

A

unilateral hypoplasia

28
Q

 Fibromuscular, slightly flattened tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
 Length depends on the size of the animal
 Begins in the renal pelvis & run into bladder

A

Ureter

29
Q

_____ ureter is slightly longer than the Left due to more cranial position of the R kidneys

A

Right

30
Q

Ureter is Longer in _____ than in
_______

A

males

females

31
Q

*Ureter

Blood supply: (2)

A

renal a.
urogenital a.

32
Q

 Duplication of ureters
 Dilatation of renal pelvis due to obstruction of ureters (calculi, tumors, etc)

A

Anomalies of the ureter

33
Q

 Hollow, musculomembranous organ that stores urine
 May hold 100-120 ml of urine for dogs weighing 11- 13kgs
 Divided into neck and body

A

Urinary Bladder

34
Q

*Urinary Bladder

◦ Neck has a triangular area called _____ ______ – meaning it has no mucosal folds

A

vesical trigone

35
Q

*Urinary Bladder

Blood supply: (2)

A

cranial vesical artery (br. of umbilical a.)

caudal vesical artery (br. of urogenital a.)

36
Q

*Urinary Bladder

Nerve supply: (3)

A

pudendal n.
hypogastric n.
pelvic n.

37
Q

Lymphatics of the bladder drain into the ______ _____ and ______ ____ ____

A

internal iliac

lumbar lymph nodes

38
Q

 Strictures of the neck of the bladder
 Enlarged prostate may be the indirect cause of dilatation of the bladder

A

Anomalies of the urinary bladder

39
Q

◦ It is the most common prostatic disorder and is found in most intact male dogs >6 yr old

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

40
Q

 Canal that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body
 Longer in males (10-35cm) than in females (7-10cm)

A

Urethra

41
Q

*Blood supply of the kidney

Blood vessels enter / leave the kidney at the hilus. The _____ ______ branches into _________ ________ within the renal sinus.

A

Renal artery

Segmental arteries

42
Q

*Blood supply of the kidneys, cont.

These segmental arteries give rise to __________ ________, which run in the renal columns between the renal pyramids. At the junction of the medulla and cortex, the interlobar arteries branch at right angles, forming _______ ________ that run between the cortex and medulla. Coming off of the arcuate arteries at a right angle are ___________ ________, which run in the cortex. All these arteries have accompanying veins.

A

Interlobar arteries

Arcuate arteries

Interlobular arteries

V.ANAT 121 (35 decks)

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