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V.ANAT 121 > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

1/3 organic, 2/3 inorganic material

Average total number: 319 bones

A

Bones

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2
Q

this does not include the bones of the __ __ since many dogs do not have this

A

dew claw

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3
Q

3 Major Groups of the Skel. Syst.

A
  • Axial
    ▫ Skull, vertebral column, ribs & sternum
  • Appendicular
    ▫ Thoracic & pelvic limbs
  • Visceral
    ▫ Baculum = os penis (dogs)
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4
Q

Hard, tough connective tissue with living cells arranged in rings

A

Bone

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5
Q

Living cells, ____, for growth & repair

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

Matrix secreted made mostly of minerals, _____, for rigid structure in bone

A

Calcium
Phosphate

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7
Q

Bone Contains protein, ___, that gives strength and flexibility= less brittle and prone to breakage in bones

A

Collagen

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8
Q

Importance: For body structure, protection of organs and produces blood cells

A

Bone

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9
Q

Flexible connective tissue with living cells arranged in pairs/bundles.

A

Cartilage

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10
Q

*cartilage
Matrix contains more ___ and less ___ than bone
- Softer and more elastic than bone

A

Collagen
Minerals

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11
Q

*cartilage
Found at the ends of bones, in the __ __ ___.
- Importance: Prevents friction and withstands shock.

A

Nose, ears and trachea

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12
Q

Thick strand attaching muscle to a bone.

A

Tendons

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13
Q

Tendons are Made of strong _____
- Tough and does not stretch
- Capable of withstanding tension
- Importance: Enables movement of bones

A

Fibrous collagen

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14
Q

A flexible band attaching a bone to another bone.

A

Ligaments

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15
Q

Ligaments are Made of tough _____
- Elastic, can stretch and “snap-back”
- Importance: Keeps bones stable and prevents dislocation

A

elastin fibres

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16
Q

Functions of Bone (4)

A
  • Supports and protects soft organs of the body
  • Acts as levers for muscular action
  • Stores calcium and phosphorus
  • Encloses the blood forming elements (RBC, WBC, Hb, platelets) and in the adult, the bone also stores fat.
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17
Q

Classification of bones acc. to shape (6)

A

long bones
short bones
irregular bones
flat bones
sesamoid bones
sutural bones

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18
Q

▫ Found mainly in the limbs/extremities
▫ Has a body/shaft called diaphysis and two ends called the epiphyses
▫ this form levers and possess great tensile strength

A

Long bones (ossa longa)

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19
Q

▫ End of long bones are covered by ______ as they enter the formation of joints

A

hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

Enlargement of each extremity of a long bone serves a dual purpose:

A

 Decreases the risk of dislocation
 Provides a large bearing surface for articulation

21
Q

▫ Carpal (wrist), tarsal (ankle) – contains 7 bones
▫ Associated with the spread of pressure exerted in these regions

A

Short bones (ossa brevis)

22
Q

▫ To alter the course of tendons at the places where greatest friction is developed.

A

Sesamoid bones (ossa sesamoidea)

23
Q

▫ Found in the thoracic and pelvic girdles and in the head and thorax
▫ For PROTECTION
▫ Weigh less

A

Flat bones (ossa plana)

24
Q

Cranium = outer and inner tables of compact bones and an intermediate uniting spongy bone called __

A

diploe

25
Q

bones which contain air cavities

A

Pneumatic bones (ossa pneumatica)

26
Q
  • Vertebral column, bones of the skull that are not flat, 3 parts of the hip bone (os coxae)
  • Jutting processes are the characteristic features
  • For muscular and ligamentous attachment; some for articulation
A

Irregular bones (ossa iregulata)

27
Q

▫ bones arising from cartilages

A

Endochondral/replacement/cartilage bones

28
Q

▫ bones that develop from connective tissue sheets or membranes (roof of the cranium)
▫ Ex. skull, jaws, gill covers, and the shell (of tortoises and turtles).

A

Membrane/dermal bones

29
Q

▫ The spongy bone of the skull is known as diploe.

A

Cancellous or spongy bone (substancia spongiosa)

30
Q

Compact bone (other term)

A

(substancia compacta/corticalis)

31
Q
  • Diaphysis and epiphyses are seperated by this cartilage (in young, ______)
A

epiphyseal plate

32
Q

(marrow cavity) is a space occupying the hollow portion of the bone surrounded by the cortex of the long bone.

A

Medullary cavity

33
Q

Bone marrow color;

A
  • Young – red marrow
  • Adult – red and yellow marrow (fat)
34
Q

compact bone surrounding the shaft of the long bone

A

Cortex

35
Q

*bone covering layers
layer of specialized connective tissue covering the nonarticular surface of the bone

A

Periosteum

36
Q

*bone covering layers
connective tissue covering the cartilage of articular surface

A

Perichondrium

37
Q

*bone covering layers
thin fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity and osteonal (Haversian) canals of a bone

A

Endosteum

38
Q

*bone covering layers
▫ Name given to the covering of the bones which participate in forming boundaries of the respiratory or digestive system.
▫ Lines all of the paranasal sinuses and contains mucous cells

A

Mucoperiosteum

39
Q
  • Nutrient artery and vein (nutrient foramen)
  • Anastomosing vessel of the epiphyseal plate and the periosteum
A

Vessels

40
Q

Sensory nerves

A

Nerves

41
Q

Types of bones in the skull (2) according to shape

A

Flat bones
Irregular bones

42
Q

*type of bone in the skull

comprise most of the bones of the skull and are formed in membrane such as the dorsum of the skull or calvaria.

A

Flat bones

43
Q

*type of bone in the skull

like the bones of the ventral part of the cranium are preformed in cartilage

A

Irregular bones

44
Q

Two forms of bones are recognized based on structure: (2)

A

Cancellous or spongy bone

Compact bone

45
Q

is numerous in the extremities of long bones and forms the internal substance of short and irregular bones

A

Cancellous bone

46
Q

appears as a solid mass. It is thicker in the shaft of long bones than in their extremity

A

Compact bone

47
Q

is located at the caudal part of the cranium in which it forms the caudal wall and part of the ventral wall or base of the skull.

A

occipital bone

48
Q

a large oval opening in the posteroventral portion of the skull thru which the spinal cord and its associated structures pass.

A

foramen magnum

49
Q

Bone is highly vascular as compared to _______ which is devoid of blood supply.

A

Cartilage

V.ANAT 121 (35 decks)

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