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V.ANAT 121 > The Heart and Associated Structures > Flashcards

The Heart and Associated Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Also called “heart sac”

A

Pericardium

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2
Q

Contains small amount of fluid to moisten the heart

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

__________________ in ruminants or “hardware disease”

A

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
(TRP)

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4
Q

In dogs, _________ may accumulate in this sac

A

heartworm

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5
Q

The smallest of the 3 great body cavities

A

Pericardial cavity

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6
Q

Contain a clear, light yellow fluid – the ______________

A

liquor pericardii

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7
Q

U-shaped passage between the right and left sides of the pericardial cavity

A

Transverse sinus of the pericardium

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8
Q

Main pump of the cardiovascular system

Has a base and an apex

A

Heart

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9
Q

blood receiving chambers

A

Atria

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10
Q

pumping chambers

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

2 surfaces of the heart

A

auricular surface (facies auricularis)
atrial surface (facies atrialis)

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12
Q

*2 surfaces of the heart

faces the left thoracic wall

A

auricular surface (facies auricularis)

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13
Q

*2 surfaces of the heart

faces the right thoracic wall

A

atrial surface (facies atrialis)

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14
Q

*Surfaces of the Heart

◦ Separates atria from ventricles
◦ Contains large amount of fats which surrounds the coronary vessels
◦ Encircles the heart except cranioventrally where the dorsal part of the right ventricle intervenes

A

Coronary Groove (sulcus coronaries)

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15
Q

*Surfaces of the Heart

◦ Separates left and right ventricles
◦ Paraconal IVG (or left, ventral or cranial longitudinal sulcus or groove
◦ Subsinousal IVG (or right, dorsal, caudal, longitudinal sulcus)

A

Interventricular grooves

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16
Q

Receives blood from the systemic veins and most of the heart itself

A

Right Atrium

17
Q

right atrium is divided into?

A

sinus venarum cavarum and
right auricle

18
Q

 Located mainly in the right atrium, more in right atrial appendage, sparse in left atrium
 Has muscle fibers arranged in a comb like fashion

A

Pectinate Muscles

19
Q

4 Main Openings of the Right Atrium

A
  1. Coronary sinus
  2. Caudal vena cava
  3. Cranial vena cava -
  4. Right atrioventricular orifice
20
Q

smallest and enters the atrium from the left

A

Coronary sinus

21
Q

enters heart from behind; returns blood from abdominal viscera, abdominal wall, and pelvic limbs

A

Caudal vena cava

22
Q

enters from above and in front; returns blood from the head, neck, thoracic limb and ventral thoracic wall

A

Cranial vena cava

23
Q

enters the cranial vena cava although in some dogs it enters the atrium directly

A

Azygous vein

24
Q

large opening from the right atrium into the right ventricle

A

Right atrioventricular orifice

25
Q

 Ear-shaped pouch of the right atrium which extends cranioventrally
 other term “atrial appendage”

A

Right Auricle

26
Q

*Left Atrium

◦ Remnant of the passageway for blood from RA to the LA in the fetus

A

Valve of the foramen ovale

27
Q

*Receives blood from the right atrium through the right atrioventricular orifice and pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary orifice and received by the pulmonary trunk

A

Right Ventricle

28
Q

 Guarded by RAVV (tricuspid valve)
 RAVV consists of 2 valves: parietal and septal cusps

A

Right Atrioventricular Orifice

29
Q

*Right Atrioventricular Orifice

These cusps are continued to the septal wall of the ventricle by ______________ (filamentous cords that connect the AVV and ________________ – small conical muscular projections)

A

chordae tendinae

papillary muscles

30
Q

*Pulmonary Trunk

Leaves the right ventricle at the _______________ - funnel shaped dilatation of the RV

A

conus arteriosus

31
Q

*Pulmonary Trunk

Guarded by ______________ – prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the RV

A

semilunar cusps

32
Q

*Pulmonary Trunk

Shortly after branching into R & L pulmonary arteries, it is connected by the descending aorta by ____________________ (remnant of ductus arteriosus)

A

ligamentum arteriosum

33
Q
  • The _________________ is a vascular structure that connects the main _______________ near the origin of the left branch to the proximal _______________
  • It is a normal and very essential fetal structure that becomes abnormal if it remains patent after the neonatal period.
A

ductus arteriosus

pulmonary artery

descending aorta

34
Q

 3-4x thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle
 Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs passing the RA, and pumps blood into the body by the aorta

A

Left Ventricle

35
Q

 Guarded by LAVV or bicuspid valve or mitral valve
 Prevents blood from returning to the LA

A

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

36
Q

◦ Initiates the heartbeat and regulates the interval between beats

A

Sinoatrial node

37
Q

Cardiac Conduction System (4)

A

 Sinoatrial node
 Atrioventricular node
 Atrioventricular bundle
 Purkinje fibers

38
Q

*Blood Vessels of the Heart

 R and L coronary arteries
 Most of the blood returns to the RA via the _____________ (dilated terminal end of the great coronary vein)

A

coronary sinus

39
Q

◦ guarded by aortic valve
◦ Prevents backflow of blood to the LV

A

 Aortic orifice

V.ANAT 121 (35 decks)

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