The Heart and Associated Structures

Question 1

Also called “heart sac”

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

Contains small amount of fluid to moisten the heart

Answer 2

Pericardium

Question 3

__________________ in ruminants or “hardware disease”

Answer 3

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
(TRP)

Question 4

In dogs, _________ may accumulate in this sac

Answer 4

heartworm

Question 5

The smallest of the 3 great body cavities

Answer 5

Pericardial cavity

Question 6

Contain a clear, light yellow fluid – the ______________

Answer 6

liquor pericardii

Question 7

U-shaped passage between the right and left sides of the pericardial cavity

Answer 7

Transverse sinus of the pericardium

Question 8

Main pump of the cardiovascular system

Has a base and an apex

Answer 8

Heart

Question 9

blood receiving chambers

Answer 9

Atria

Question 10

pumping chambers

Answer 10

Ventricles

Question 11

2 surfaces of the heart

Answer 11

auricular surface (facies auricularis)
atrial surface (facies atrialis)

Question 12

*2 surfaces of the heart

faces the left thoracic wall

Answer 12

auricular surface (facies auricularis)

Question 13

*2 surfaces of the heart

faces the right thoracic wall

Answer 13

atrial surface (facies atrialis)

Question 14

*Surfaces of the Heart

◦ Separates atria from ventricles
◦ Contains large amount of fats which surrounds the coronary vessels
◦ Encircles the heart except cranioventrally where the dorsal part of the right ventricle intervenes

Answer 14

Coronary Groove (sulcus coronaries)

Question 15

*Surfaces of the Heart

◦ Separates left and right ventricles
◦ Paraconal IVG (or left, ventral or cranial longitudinal sulcus or groove
◦ Subsinousal IVG (or right, dorsal, caudal, longitudinal sulcus)

Answer 15

Interventricular grooves

Question 16

Receives blood from the systemic veins and most of the heart itself

Answer 16

Right Atrium

Question 17

right atrium is divided into?

Answer 17

sinus venarum cavarum and
right auricle

Question 18

 Located mainly in the right atrium, more in right atrial appendage, sparse in left atrium
 Has muscle fibers arranged in a comb like fashion

Answer 18

Pectinate Muscles

Question 19

4 Main Openings of the Right Atrium

Answer 19

1. Coronary sinus
2. Caudal vena cava
3. Cranial vena cava -
4. Right atrioventricular orifice

Question 20

smallest and enters the atrium from the left

Answer 20

Coronary sinus

Question 21

enters heart from behind; returns blood from abdominal viscera, abdominal wall, and pelvic limbs

Answer 21

Caudal vena cava

Question 22

enters from above and in front; returns blood from the head, neck, thoracic limb and ventral thoracic wall

Answer 22

Cranial vena cava

Question 23

enters the cranial vena cava although in some dogs it enters the atrium directly

Answer 23

Azygous vein

Question 24

large opening from the right atrium into the right ventricle

Answer 24

Right atrioventricular orifice

Question 25

 Ear-shaped pouch of the right atrium which extends cranioventrally  other term “atrial appendage”

Answer 25

Right Auricle

Question 26

*Left Atrium ◦ Remnant of the passageway for blood from RA to the LA in the fetus

Answer 26

Valve of the foramen ovale

Question 27

*Receives blood from the right atrium through the right atrioventricular orifice and pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary orifice and received by the pulmonary trunk

Answer 27

Right Ventricle

Question 28

 Guarded by RAVV (tricuspid valve)  RAVV consists of 2 valves: parietal and septal cusps

Answer 28

Right Atrioventricular Orifice

Question 29

*Right Atrioventricular Orifice These cusps are continued to the septal wall of the ventricle by ______________ (filamentous cords that connect the AVV and ________________ – small conical muscular projections)

Answer 29

chordae tendinae papillary muscles

Question 30

*Pulmonary Trunk Leaves the right ventricle at the _______________ - funnel shaped dilatation of the RV

Answer 30

conus arteriosus

Question 31

*Pulmonary Trunk Guarded by ______________ – prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the RV

Answer 31

semilunar cusps

Question 32

*Pulmonary Trunk Shortly after branching into R & L pulmonary arteries, it is connected by the descending aorta by ____________________ (remnant of ductus arteriosus)

Answer 32

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 33

* The _________________ is a vascular structure that connects the main _______________ near the origin of the left branch to the proximal _______________ * It is a normal and very essential fetal structure that becomes abnormal if it remains patent after the neonatal period.

Answer 33

ductus arteriosus pulmonary artery descending aorta

Question 34

 3-4x thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle  Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs passing the RA, and pumps blood into the body by the aorta

Answer 34

Left Ventricle

Question 35

 Guarded by LAVV or bicuspid valve or mitral valve  Prevents blood from returning to the LA

Answer 35

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

Question 36

◦ Initiates the heartbeat and regulates the interval between beats

Answer 36

Sinoatrial node

Question 37

Cardiac Conduction System (4)

Answer 37

 Sinoatrial node  Atrioventricular node  Atrioventricular bundle  Purkinje fibers

Question 38

*Blood Vessels of the Heart  R and L coronary arteries  Most of the blood returns to the RA via the _____________ (dilated terminal end of the great coronary vein)

Answer 38

coronary sinus

Question 39

◦ guarded by aortic valve ◦ Prevents backflow of blood to the LV

Answer 39

 Aortic orifice