The Heart and Associated Structures Flashcards
Also called “heart sac”
Pericardium
Contains small amount of fluid to moisten the heart
Pericardium
__________________ in ruminants or “hardware disease”
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
(TRP)
In dogs, _________ may accumulate in this sac
heartworm
The smallest of the 3 great body cavities
Pericardial cavity
Contain a clear, light yellow fluid – the ______________
liquor pericardii
U-shaped passage between the right and left sides of the pericardial cavity
Transverse sinus of the pericardium
Main pump of the cardiovascular system
Has a base and an apex
Heart
blood receiving chambers
Atria
pumping chambers
Ventricles
2 surfaces of the heart
auricular surface (facies auricularis)
atrial surface (facies atrialis)
*2 surfaces of the heart
faces the left thoracic wall
auricular surface (facies auricularis)
*2 surfaces of the heart
faces the right thoracic wall
atrial surface (facies atrialis)
*Surfaces of the Heart
◦ Separates atria from ventricles
◦ Contains large amount of fats which surrounds the coronary vessels
◦ Encircles the heart except cranioventrally where the dorsal part of the right ventricle intervenes
Coronary Groove (sulcus coronaries)
*Surfaces of the Heart
◦ Separates left and right ventricles
◦ Paraconal IVG (or left, ventral or cranial longitudinal sulcus or groove
◦ Subsinousal IVG (or right, dorsal, caudal, longitudinal sulcus)
Interventricular grooves
Receives blood from the systemic veins and most of the heart itself
Right Atrium
right atrium is divided into?
sinus venarum cavarum and
right auricle
Located mainly in the right atrium, more in right atrial appendage, sparse in left atrium
Has muscle fibers arranged in a comb like fashion
Pectinate Muscles
4 Main Openings of the Right Atrium
- Coronary sinus
- Caudal vena cava
- Cranial vena cava -
- Right atrioventricular orifice
smallest and enters the atrium from the left
Coronary sinus
enters heart from behind; returns blood from abdominal viscera, abdominal wall, and pelvic limbs
Caudal vena cava
enters from above and in front; returns blood from the head, neck, thoracic limb and ventral thoracic wall
Cranial vena cava
enters the cranial vena cava although in some dogs it enters the atrium directly
Azygous vein
large opening from the right atrium into the right ventricle
Right atrioventricular orifice
Ear-shaped pouch of the right atrium which extends cranioventrally
other term “atrial appendage”
Right Auricle
*Left Atrium
◦ Remnant of the passageway for blood from RA to the LA in the fetus
Valve of the foramen ovale
*Receives blood from the right atrium through the right atrioventricular orifice and pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary orifice and received by the pulmonary trunk
Right Ventricle
Guarded by RAVV (tricuspid valve)
RAVV consists of 2 valves: parietal and septal cusps
Right Atrioventricular Orifice
*Right Atrioventricular Orifice
These cusps are continued to the septal wall of the ventricle by ______________ (filamentous cords that connect the AVV and ________________ – small conical muscular projections)
chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
*Pulmonary Trunk
Leaves the right ventricle at the _______________ - funnel shaped dilatation of the RV
conus arteriosus
*Pulmonary Trunk
Guarded by ______________ – prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the RV
semilunar cusps
*Pulmonary Trunk
Shortly after branching into R & L pulmonary arteries, it is connected by the descending aorta by ____________________ (remnant of ductus arteriosus)
ligamentum arteriosum
- The _________________ is a vascular structure that connects the main _______________ near the origin of the left branch to the proximal _______________
- It is a normal and very essential fetal structure that becomes abnormal if it remains patent after the neonatal period.
ductus arteriosus
pulmonary artery
descending aorta
3-4x thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs passing the RA, and pumps blood into the body by the aorta
Left Ventricle
Guarded by LAVV or bicuspid valve or mitral valve
Prevents blood from returning to the LA
Left Atrioventricular Orifice
◦ Initiates the heartbeat and regulates the interval between beats
Sinoatrial node
Cardiac Conduction System (4)
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Purkinje fibers
*Blood Vessels of the Heart
R and L coronary arteries
Most of the blood returns to the RA via the _____________ (dilated terminal end of the great coronary vein)
coronary sinus
◦ guarded by aortic valve
◦ Prevents backflow of blood to the LV
Aortic orifice
