The Lymphatic System Flashcards by Belle Unknown

Part of the circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directionally towards the heart.

The Lymphatic System

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*Functions of the Lymphatic System

Alternate route for fluid from interstitial/tissue spaces to blood

Drainage system of circulatory system

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*Functions of the Lymphatic System

Carries protein from tissue spaces and also large particulate matter

Lymph vessels from liver

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*Functions of the Lymphatic System

Absorbs fats from the digestive tract

Lacteals or lymph capillaries in digestive system

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*Functions of the Lymphatic System

Lymph nodes filter lymph thus removing and destroying bacteria.
Produce _________ cells – lymphocytes that destroy invading organisms from lymph before bringing it

defensive

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from Latin lympha meaning _____

water

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 Clear, colorless fluid returned to the heart via the lymphatic system which empties into the jugular vein or cranial vena cava
 Contains RBCs, WBCs, histiocytes, tissue fluids and proteins

Lymph

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Numerous lymph vessels are found in the ___, _______________, ______, _________ and _____

skin, mucous membranes, spleen, intestines, and liver etc.

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Lymph is Absent in the _____, __________, __________, ____________ and ____________

brain, spinal cord, bone marrow, within the skeletal muscles and spleen capsule

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have thinner walls than the veins of the same size
 Have more valves than veins, and when cut, they remain open longer than veins
 Blockage results to lymphedema due to accumulation of lymph
 Have remarkable regenerative capacities
 Lymphedema (lymphatic obstruction) mostly genetic

Lymphatic Vessels

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 The chief channel for the return of lymph from lymph capillaries and ducts to the venous system (retroperitoneal)
 Begins in the sublumbar region between the crura of the diaphragm as a cranial continuation of the cisterna chyli

Thoracic Duct

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Structural and functional unit of the lymphatic system

Located in those areas where they are protected but produce minimal interference with the function of the skeletal, muscular and vascular systems

Lymph Nodes

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is the structural unit of a lymph node

Lymph nodule

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Functions of lymph nodes (2)

◦ Filtration of lymph
◦ Lymphocyte production in its germinal center

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Types of Lymph Vessels

 Afferent lymph vessels
 Efferent lymph vessels

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*Types of Lymph Vessels

Vessels that enter the lymph node and perforate the capsule of the node

Afferent lymph vessels

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*Types of Lymph Vessels

Vessels that leave the lymph node

Efferent lymph vessels

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*Parts of a lymph node

concave area but not prominent, where the efferent vessel leaves

Hilus

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*Parts of a lymph node

the outer portion

Cortex

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*Parts of a lymph node

the inner portion

Medullae

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 Maybe solitary or aggregated and mainly found in the wall of digestive tracts
◦ eg, cecum, rectum and anal canal where they are numerous
 They are different from lymph nodes because lymph vessels arise in them rather than pass through them, therefore they contain ony the efferent lymphatics

Lymph Follicles

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*Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck

located near the parotid salivary gland

Parotid

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*Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck

lies ventral to the angle of jaw; around 2-3 nodes

Mandibular

*Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck

largest node found in the head and neck; elongated and found near the ventral border of the pharynx and larynx

Medial retropharyngeal

*Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck located near the right side of the trachea

Superficial cervical

*Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck located close to the cervical portion of the trachea

Deep cervical

*Lymph Nodes of the Thoracic Limb the only lymph node of the thoracic limb; bounded laterally by teres major; medially by transverse thoracis; and ventrally by deep pectoral muscles

Axillary

*Lymph Nodes of the Thorax cranial to transverses thoracic medial to 2nd costal cartilage

Sternal

*Lymph Nodes of the Thorax lies at the vertebral end of either 5th or 6th intercostal space

Intercostals

*Lymph Nodes of the Thorax mostly associated with the large vessels of the heart

Mediastinal

*Lymph Nodes of the Thorax all nodes that lie on the intial parts of the bronchi at the bifurcation of the trachea

Tracheobronchial

*Lymph Nodes of the Thorax often absent

Pulmonary

*Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls small, lies along the aorta and caudal vena cava from the diaphragm to the deep circumflex iliac arteries

Lumbar aortic

*Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls associated with renal vessels

Renal

*Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls between the deep circumflex iliac and external iliac artery

Medial ilial or external ilial

*Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls small, located between the angle formed by internal iliac and median sacral artery

Hypogastric or internal iliac

*Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls located ventral to the body of sacrum

Sacral

*Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls lies on the ventral surface of the tendon of psoas minor

Deep inguinal

Lymph nodes of the abdominal viscera (4)

 Hepatic  Splenic  Cranial mesenteric  Colic

*Lymph nodes of the abdominal viscera largest of the lymph nodes of the abdominal viscera

Cranial mesenteric

*Lymph nodes of the pelvic limb largest node of pelvic limb

Popliteal

*Lymph nodes of the pelvic limb inconsistent in occurence

Femoral

Lymph nodes of the pelvic limb (3)

 Popliteal  Femoral  Superficial inguinal

Other Lymphatic organs (4)

Spleen Thymus Tonsils Liver

 Lies parallel to the greater curvature of the stomach to the left of the median plane  Attached to the greater curvature of the stomach by gastrosplenic ligament

Spleen

 Has 2 extremities (dorsal & ventral), 2 surfaces (parietal & visceral), 2 borders (cranial & caudal)  Bright red to dark purple in color  Firm in consistency; triangular in cross section

Spleen

 Acts as a storage of blood, takes part in blood cell formation, filtration and phagocytosis  The “graveyard” of RBC

Spleen

basic unit of thymus

Small lymphocyte or thymocyte

 Light gray lobulated organ in preserved specimen, pinkish in fresh material  Composed of R and L lobes  Located in the precardial mediastinal septum  Large at birth but may decrease in size as the animal matures; replaced by fat

Thymus

similar to lymph nodes, and the role of both of these structures is to fight infection.

Tonsils

There is a pair of tonsils located in small pouches or ______ at the back of the throat.

crypts

 produces a large amount of lymph, which is estimated to be 25 to 50 % of lymph flowing through the thoracic duct.  The hepatic lymph primarily comes from the hepatic sinusoids.

Liver

Lymph nodes of the abdominal and pelvic walls (6)

 Lumbar aortic  Renal  Medial ilial or external ilial  Hypogastric or internal iliac  Sacral  Deep inguinal

Lymph nodes of the thorax (5)

 Sternal  Intercostals  Mediastinal  Tracheobronchial  Pulmonary

Lymph nodes of the head and neck (5)

 Parotid  Mandibular  Medial retropharyngeal  Superficial cervical  Deep cervical

Lymph node of the thoracic limb

Axillary