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V.ANAT 121 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q
  • name implies that visceral innervation operates involuntarily on its own (in contrast to the voluntary control characteristic of somatic innervation of skeletal muscle)
A

Autonomic

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2
Q
  • means self-rule/self-govern; from the Greek: auto = ____; nomos = ____
A

self

rule

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3
Q

also known as chemical messengers, are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. They transmit signals across a chemical synapse, such as a neuromuscular junction, from one neuron (nerve cell) to another “target” neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.

A

Neurotransmitters

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4
Q

a nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

branching network of intersecting nerves

A

Plexus

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6
Q

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

A

Neuron

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7
Q
  • The _______ ____ and ______ _____ are located within the vertebral canal of the vertebral column. Dorsal and ventral spinal roots unite to form a spinal nerve (bilaterally).
A

spinal cord

spinal roots

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8
Q

is enveloped by connective tissue (epineurium, perineurium, & endoneurium)

A

Spinal Nerve

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9
Q

composed of afferent (sensory) axons; the site of a spinal ganglion

A

dorsal root

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10
Q

composed of efferent axons that innervate muscle & gland

A

ventral root

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11
Q

Divides into four primary branches:

A

Ømeningeal branch
Øramus communicans
Øventral branch
Ødorsal branch

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12
Q

*four primary branches:

small; sensory to meninges

A

Ømeningeal branch

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13
Q

*four primary branches:

connects to sympathetic trunk & innervates viscera

A

Øramus communicans

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14
Q

*four primary branches:

largest branch; hypaxial mm. & lateral and ventral cutaneous nn.

A

Øventral branch

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15
Q

*four primary branches:

medial and lateral branches; epaxial mm and dorsal cutaneous nn.

A

dorsal branch

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16
Q

*Fiber types

axons associated with receptors and unipolar cell bodies in spinal ganglia

A

Afferent (sensory)

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17
Q

*Fiber types, Afferent (sensory)

receptors in skin & muscles, tendons, joints

A
  • General Somatic Afferent (GSA):
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18
Q

*Fiber types, Afferent (sensory)

receptors in viscera

A
  • General Visceral Afferent (GVA):
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19
Q

*Fiber types

axons that innervate muscle & gland; cell bodies are located in the spinal cord (or in some cases autonomic ganglia)

A

Efferent (motor)

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20
Q

*Fiber types, Efferent (motor)

innervates skeletal muscle

A

Somatic Efferent (SE):

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21
Q

*Fiber types, Efferent (motor)

innervates cardiac m., smooth m., & gland

A

Visceral Efferent (VE):

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22
Q
  • Also known as the GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT (GVE)
  • Portion of the nervous system concerned with the motor innervations of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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23
Q

GVE Pathaway involves two neurons

A

preganglionic neuron

postganglionic neuron

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24
Q

*GVE Pathaway two neurons

cell body located in CNS; axon synapses in an autonomic ganglia

A

preganglionic neuron

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25
Q

*GVE Pathaway two neurons

cell body in an autonomic ganglion; axon \ innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or gland; Ordinarily occur in clusters referred to as ganglion.

A

postganglionic neuron

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26
Q

Autonomic Nervous System of PNS (?)

A

involuntary

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27
Q

Somatic Nervous System of PNS (?)

A

voluntary

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28
Q
  • pathways that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands involve two neurons and a synapse within an autonomic ganglion.
A

Two-neuron pathways

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29
Q

*Classification of Autonomic Ganglia

Are more or less segmentally distributed along the paired sympathetic chains which in turn lie along the ventral sides of the heads of the ribs

A

Vertebral ganglia

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30
Q

Classification of Autonomic Ganglia

Are found more peripherally and in the abdominal cavity are related to some of the larger arteries such as the celiac.

A

Collateral ganglia

31
Q

*Classification of Autonomic Ganglia

Are usually small and located in various body organs.

A

Terminal ganglia

32
Q

3 Classification of Autonomic Ganglia

A

Vertebral ganglia
Collateral ganglia
Terminal ganglia

33
Q

*ANS Divisions: Sympathetic

Innervtion Distribution: ?
Preganglionic Origin: ?
Postganglionic Neuron: ?
Target Neurotransmitter: ?
Functional Role: ?

A

whole body

thoracolumbar spinal cord

usually adrenergic

norepinephrine

“fight or flight”

34
Q

ANS Divisions: Parasympathetic

Innervtion Distribution: ?
Preganglionic Origin: ?
Postganglionic Neuron: ?
Target Neurotransmitter: ?
Functional Role: ?

A

body cavities & head

brainstem & sacral spinal cord

always cholinergic

acetylcholine

routine operations

35
Q

Sympathetic Divisions (7)

A
  • Overview
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Body Wall
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis
36
Q

Overview: Sympathetic Division

  • originates from _____________ ________ of the spinal cord (approximately T-1 to L-4, bilaterally)
A

thoracolumbar segments

37
Q
  • For all regions of the body, the initial pathway for sympathetic preganglionic axons is identical: (4)
A

ventral root
spinal nerve
ramus communicans
sympathetic trunk.

38
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Head

Origin:

A

most cranial thoracic segments (T1-T3)

39
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Head

Preganglionic Pathway:

A

ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ansa subclavia, cervical sympathetic trunk

40
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Head

Ganglion:

A

cranial cervical ganglion

41
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Head

Postganglionic Pathway:

A

internal and external carotid nerve plexuses, continuing plexuses named for particular vessels.

42
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Head

Target organs

A

pupillary dilator muscle; nasal glands; salivary glands; sweat glands; blood vessel smooth muscle

43
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck

Origin:

A

cranial thoracic segments (T3-T5)

44
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck

Preganglionic Pathway:

A

ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk,

45
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck

Ganglion:

A

cervicothoracic ganglion

46
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck

Postganglionic Pathway:

A

vertebral nerve rami communicantes to cervical spinal nerves dorsal or ventral primary branches

47
Q

*Sympathetic Pathway to the Neck

Target Organs:

A

arrector pili smooth muscle (piloerection); sweat glands; blood vessel smooth muscle

48
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Trunk Wall & Limbs

Origin:

A

thoraco-lumbar segments (T1-L4)

49
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Trunk Wall & Limbs

Preganglionic Pathway:

A

ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk,

50
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Trunk Wall & Limbs

Ganglion:

A

sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia

51
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Trunk Wall & Limbs

Postganglionic Pathway:

A

rami communicantes to spinal nerves, dorsal or ventral primary branches of spinal nerves

52
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Trunk Wall & Limbs

Target Organs:

A

arrector pili smooth muscle (piloerection); sweat glands; blood vessel smooth muscle

53
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Thoracic Viscera

Origin:

A

mid-thoracic segments (T5-T8)

54
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Thoracic Viscera

Preganglionic Pathway:

A

ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, [ansa subclavia]

55
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Thoracic Viscera

Ganglion:

A

cervicothoracic ganglion & [middle cervical ganglion]

56
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Thoracic Viscera

Postganglionic Pathway:

A

branches from the ansa subclavia, [branches that run with the vagus nerve]

57
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Thoracic Viscera

Target Organs:

A

heart; bronchiole smooth muscle; blood vessel smooth muscle

58
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Abdominal Viscera

Origin:

A

thoracic & lumbar segments (T7-L2)

59
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Abdominal Viscera

Preganglionic Pathway:

A

ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, symp. trunk, major & minor splanchnic nerves, also, lumbar splanchnic nerves

60
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Abdominal Viscera

Ganglion:

A

prevertebral ganglia within plexuses: celiac, cranial & caudal mesenteric, gonadal, renal; also, adrenal medulla

61
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Abdominal Viscera

Postganglionic Pathway:

A

nerve plexuses on abdominal vessels (e.g., splenic, middle colic, renal, etc.)

62
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Abdominal Viscera

Target Organs:

A

alimentary smooth m. & glands; liver; pancreas; blood vessel smooth muscle

63
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Pelvic Viscera

Origin:

A

lumbar segments (L1 - L3)

64
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Pelvic Viscera

Preganglionic Pathway:

A

ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, lumbar splanchnic nerves, caudal mesenteric nerve plexus

65
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Pelvic Viscera

Ganglion:

A

caudal mesenteric ganglion (also, some synapse in pelvic ganglia)

66
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Pelvic Viscera

Postganglionic Pathway:

A

left/right hypogastic nerve to pelvic plexus,

pelvic plexus branches to pelvic viscera

67
Q

*Sympathetic Path to Pelvic Viscera

Target Organs:

A

pelvic viscera smooth muscle & glands: urinary, genital, rectum & anal canal; blood vessel smooth muscle

68
Q

Overview: Parasympathetic Division (3)

A
  • Sacral parasympathetic
  • Vagal parasympathetic
  • Brainstem parasympathetic
69
Q
  • Unlike the ANS, it does not arise from the brain stem or spinal cord
  • Like the ANS, innervates smooth muscles and glands
  • Consist of millions of neurons embedded in the wall of the digestive tract.
A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

70
Q

what are the two Forms of Plexi

A

Myenteric plexus (Auerbach)

Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s)

71
Q

*Plexi

Lies between layers of longitudinal and circular muscles of the alimentary canal

A

Myenteric plexus (Auerbach)

72
Q

*Plexi

Lies between submucosal layer of intestines, from the junction with the stomach to the anus.

A

Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s)

73
Q

The enteric nervous system Controls the activity of the GIT in three ways:

A
  • Controlling intestinal peristalsis
  • Modulating blood flow through gut
  • Regulating the release of secretions from the gastrointestinal tract.

V.ANAT 121 (35 decks)

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