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V.ANAT 121 > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

largest cavity in the body

A

Abdominal cavity

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2
Q
  • Extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis
  • Abdominal cavity
A

ABDOMEN

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3
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Cranially

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Dorsally

A

lumbar vertebrae

sublumbar muscles

crura of the diaphragm

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5
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Bilaterally

A

abdominal muscles

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6
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Ventrally

A

R&L rectus abdominis

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7
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Caudally

A

it communicates with the pelvic cavity at the pelvic inlet

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8
Q

*openings in the diaphragm

– Passage for the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks & esophageal vessels

A

Esophageal hiatus

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9
Q

*openings in the diaphragm

– Passage of caudal vena cava

A

Caval foramen

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10
Q

*openings in the diaphragm

– Passage for the aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein and hemiazygos vein

A

Aortic hiatus

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11
Q

3 abdominal openings

A
  • Umbilical aperture
  • Inguinal canal
  • Vascular canal
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12
Q

– external pudendal a. & v.
– genitofemoral nerve
– spermatic cord (male) or vaginal process (female)

A

Inguinal canal

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13
Q
  • the passage to the femoral vessels, lymph node, and femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
A

Vascular lacunae

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14
Q

• A closed cavity & almost non-existent
• No organs or tissues are found here, except for a little fluid
• is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal wall) and visceral peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the internal organs).

A

Peritoneal cavity

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15
Q
  • Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
  • Reduces friction of adjacent organs
A

Peritoneum

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16
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum (4)

A
  • Parietal
  • Visceral
  • Connecting
  • Retroperitoneal
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17
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum

– mesentery, omentum, ligament

A

Connecting

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18
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum
*Connecting

mesogastrium

A

Mesentery of the stomach

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19
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum
*Connecting

mesoduodenum

A

Mesentery of the duodenum

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20
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum
*Connecting

mesocolon

A

Mesentery of the colon

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21
Q
  • Lacy apron that extends from the stomach as far as the urinary bladder
  • Covers intestinal coils ventrally
A

Greater Omentum

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22
Q

4 parts of Greater Omentum

A

– Supercifial or ventral layer
– Deep or dorsal layer
– Omental bursa
– Epiploic foramen

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23
Q
  • Extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the duodenum and liver
Study These Flashcards
A

Lesser Omentum

24
Q

*Lesser Omentum

– Liver to the duodenum =

Study These Flashcards
A

hepatoduodenal ligament

25
*Lesser Omentum – Liver to the stomach =
hepatogastric ligament
26
Functions of the Omentum
* Protects the organs it covers * For holding and isolating of foreign materials * The greater omentum is used by surgeons to vascularize tissues which have impaired blood supply
27
* C-shaped musculoglandular organ situated between the esophagus and the intestine * Highly elastic and can adjust its size to the volume of its content
Stomach
28
* Storage and mixing of food (partial digestion) * Production of enzymes, mucus & hydrochloric acid by its numerous glands
Stomach
29
Regions of the Stomach
* Cardia or stomach inlet (cardiac sphincter) * Fundus * Body * Pylorus or stomach inlet (pyloric sphincter)
30
Curvatures of the Stomach
* Greater curvature * Lesser curvature
31
Layers of the Stomach wall (microscopic)
* Tunica serosa or serous coat * Tunica muscularis or muscular coat * Tunica submucosa * Tunica mucosa or mucous coat
32
* provide the stomach with increased surface area for nutrient absorption * Folds stretch outward when food enters stomach
Plica gastricae / Gastric folds / Gastric rugae
33
Glands of the Stomach
* Gastric glands proper or fundic glands * Cardiac glands * Pyloric glands
34
*Blood supply to the Stomach Main arteries:
L&R gastric arteries (lesser curvature) L&R gastroepiploicarteries (greater curvature)
35
*Blood supply to the Stomach Blood supply from the stomach enters the liver via the
portal vein
36
Nerve supply (1)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
37
* Longest portion of the alimentary canal
Small Intestine
38
3 main parts of the small intestine
* Duodenum – short proximal loop * Jejunum – long distal portion; freely movable * Ileum- very short terminal part
39
Functions of Small Intestine (2)
* Serves for mechanical digestion and absorption * Transport of intestinal contents and undigestible material
40
* First and most fixed part of the SI * Has openings for pancreatic and bile ducts
Duodenum
41
4 Portions of the Duodenum:
* Cranial portion * Descending * Transverse * Ascending
42
* Most mobile and free part of the entire alimentary canal * Great mesentery of the jejunum or mesojejunoileum
JEJUNUM AND ILEUM
43
_____ is connected to the ascending colon via the ileocolic orifice
Ileum
44
*Blood Supply supplied by jejunal arteries which are branches of cranial mesenteric arteries
Jejunum
45
*Blood Supply duodenal branches of cranial and caudal pancreatico duodenal arteries
Duodenum
46
*Blood Supply – its mesenteric side is supplied by a branch of accessory cecal artery – antimesenteric side is supplied by ileal branch of ileocecocolic artery
Ileum
47
* For dehydration of its fecal contents * For excretion of waste materials or feces
Large Intestine
48
Parts of the large intestine
* Cecum * Colon * Rectum
49
* No direct communication with ileum; but has an opening to the ascending colon via the cecocolic orifice (cecocolic sphincter)
Cecum
50
* Ascending, transverse, descending * Right colic flexure & left colic flexure * Descending duodenum is the largest segment of the colon * Mesocolon – mesentery of the colon
Colon
51
An important feature of the rectal mucosa is the presence of around 100 solitary lymph nodules and goblet cells
Rectum
52
Terminal portion of the alimentary canal
Anal Canal / Anus
53
Special muscles of the rectum & anal canal (4)
* Internal Anal Sphincter * External Anal Sphincter * Pars Analis of the retractor penis (clitoridis) muscle * Rectococcygeal muscle
54
A well developed band of smooth muscle inserted on the anal canal to retract the anus.
Pars Analis of the retractor penis (clitoridis) muscle
55
stabilizes the anal canal & rectum; prevents it from being pulled cranially by a peristaltic wave & it contracts during defecation to move the anal canal & rectum caudally
* Rectococcygeal muscle
56
Area surrounding the anus, bounded dorsally by the tail, ventrally by the scrotum or vulva
Perineum

V.ANAT 121 (35 decks)

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