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V.ANAT 121 > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

largest cavity in the body

A

Abdominal cavity

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2
Q
  • Extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis
  • Abdominal cavity
A

ABDOMEN

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3
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Cranially

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Dorsally

A

lumbar vertebrae

sublumbar muscles

crura of the diaphragm

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5
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Bilaterally

A

abdominal muscles

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6
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Ventrally

A

R&L rectus abdominis

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7
Q

*Boundaries of the Abdomen

Caudally

A

it communicates with the pelvic cavity at the pelvic inlet

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8
Q

*openings in the diaphragm

– Passage for the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks & esophageal vessels

A

Esophageal hiatus

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9
Q

*openings in the diaphragm

– Passage of caudal vena cava

A

Caval foramen

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10
Q

*openings in the diaphragm

– Passage for the aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein and hemiazygos vein

A

Aortic hiatus

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11
Q

3 abdominal openings

A
  • Umbilical aperture
  • Inguinal canal
  • Vascular canal
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12
Q

– external pudendal a. & v.
– genitofemoral nerve
– spermatic cord (male) or vaginal process (female)

A

Inguinal canal

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13
Q
  • the passage to the femoral vessels, lymph node, and femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
A

Vascular lacunae

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14
Q

• A closed cavity & almost non-existent
• No organs or tissues are found here, except for a little fluid
• is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal wall) and visceral peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the internal organs).

A

Peritoneal cavity

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15
Q
  • Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
  • Reduces friction of adjacent organs
A

Peritoneum

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16
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum (4)

A
  • Parietal
  • Visceral
  • Connecting
  • Retroperitoneal
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17
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum

– mesentery, omentum, ligament

A

Connecting

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18
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum
*Connecting

mesogastrium

A

Mesentery of the stomach

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19
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum
*Connecting

mesoduodenum

A

Mesentery of the duodenum

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20
Q

*CLASSIFICATIONS of peritoneum
*Connecting

mesocolon

A

Mesentery of the colon

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21
Q
  • Lacy apron that extends from the stomach as far as the urinary bladder
  • Covers intestinal coils ventrally
A

Greater Omentum

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22
Q

4 parts of Greater Omentum

A

– Supercifial or ventral layer
– Deep or dorsal layer
– Omental bursa
– Epiploic foramen

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23
Q
  • Extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the duodenum and liver
A

Lesser Omentum

24
Q

*Lesser Omentum

– Liver to the duodenum =

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

25
Q

*Lesser Omentum

– Liver to the stomach =

A

hepatogastric ligament

26
Q

Functions of the Omentum

A
  • Protects the organs it covers
  • For holding and isolating of foreign materials
  • The greater omentum is used by surgeons to vascularize tissues which have impaired blood supply
27
Q
  • C-shaped musculoglandular organ situated between the esophagus and the intestine
  • Highly elastic and can adjust its size to the volume of its content
A

Stomach

28
Q
  • Storage and mixing of food (partial digestion)
  • Production of enzymes, mucus & hydrochloric acid by its numerous glands
A

Stomach

29
Q

Regions of the Stomach

A
  • Cardia or stomach inlet (cardiac sphincter)
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pylorus or stomach inlet (pyloric sphincter)
30
Q

Curvatures of the Stomach

A
  • Greater curvature
  • Lesser curvature
31
Q

Layers of the Stomach wall (microscopic)

A
  • Tunica serosa or serous coat
  • Tunica muscularis or muscular coat
  • Tunica submucosa
  • Tunica mucosa or mucous coat
32
Q
  • provide the stomach with increased surface area for nutrient absorption
  • Folds stretch outward when food enters stomach
A

Plica gastricae / Gastric folds / Gastric rugae

33
Q

Glands of the Stomach

A
  • Gastric glands proper or fundic glands
  • Cardiac glands
  • Pyloric glands
34
Q

*Blood supply to the Stomach

Main arteries:

A

L&R gastric arteries (lesser curvature)

L&R gastroepiploicarteries (greater curvature)

35
Q

*Blood supply to the Stomach

Blood supply from the stomach enters the liver via the

A

portal vein

36
Q

Nerve supply (1)

A

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

37
Q
  • Longest portion of the alimentary canal
A

Small Intestine

38
Q

3 main parts of the small intestine

A
  • Duodenum – short proximal loop
  • Jejunum – long distal portion; freely movable
  • Ileum- very short terminal part
39
Q

Functions of Small Intestine (2)

A
  • Serves for mechanical digestion and absorption
  • Transport of intestinal contents and undigestible material
40
Q
  • First and most fixed part of the SI
  • Has openings for pancreatic and bile ducts
A

Duodenum

41
Q

4 Portions of the Duodenum:

A
  • Cranial portion
  • Descending
  • Transverse
  • Ascending
42
Q
  • Most mobile and free part of the entire alimentary canal
  • Great mesentery of the jejunum or mesojejunoileum
A

JEJUNUM AND ILEUM

43
Q

_____ is connected to the ascending colon via the ileocolic orifice

A

Ileum

44
Q

*Blood Supply

supplied by jejunal arteries which are branches of cranial mesenteric arteries

A

Jejunum

45
Q

*Blood Supply

duodenal branches of cranial and caudal pancreatico duodenal arteries

A

Duodenum

46
Q

*Blood Supply

– its mesenteric side is supplied by a branch of accessory cecal artery
– antimesenteric side is supplied by ileal branch of ileocecocolic artery

A

Ileum

47
Q
  • For dehydration of its fecal contents
  • For excretion of waste materials or feces
A

Large Intestine

48
Q

Parts of the large intestine

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
49
Q
  • No direct communication with ileum; but has an opening to the ascending colon via the cecocolic orifice (cecocolic sphincter)
A

Cecum

50
Q
  • Ascending, transverse, descending
  • Right colic flexure & left colic flexure
  • Descending duodenum is the largest segment of the colon
  • Mesocolon – mesentery of the colon
A

Colon

51
Q

An important feature of the rectal mucosa is the presence of around 100 solitary lymph nodules and goblet cells

A

Rectum

52
Q

Terminal portion of the alimentary canal

A

Anal Canal / Anus

53
Q

Special muscles of the rectum & anal canal (4)

A
  • Internal Anal Sphincter
  • External Anal Sphincter
  • Pars Analis of the retractor penis (clitoridis) muscle
  • Rectococcygeal muscle
54
Q

A well developed band of smooth muscle inserted on the anal canal to retract the anus.

A

Pars Analis of the retractor penis (clitoridis) muscle

55
Q

stabilizes the anal canal & rectum; prevents it from being pulled cranially by a peristaltic wave & it contracts during defecation to move the anal canal & rectum caudally

A
  • Rectococcygeal muscle
56
Q

Area surrounding the anus, bounded dorsally by the tail, ventrally by the scrotum or vulva

A

Perineum

V.ANAT 121 (35 decks)

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