Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Female Reproductive organs are located in the _______
abdomen
_______ _____ are located in two rows along the outside of the abdomen, running from the groin to the chest
mammary glands
The right and left ovaries are located just behind the _______
kidneys
The _______ _____ shields the ovary from the peritoneal environment and provides a fluid chamber for oocytes development and ovarian function
ovarian bursa
- Female gonads
– Where the maturation of the female germ cells occur
– Hormone production (estrogen & progesterone) - smooth in appearance before estrus (estrus usually occurs in dogs between 6 – 9 months of age) but are rough and nodular bitches which have had several whelpings
Ovaries
ovary is divided into: (2)
-medulla or zona vasculosa
-cortex
*The ovary is divided into:
an inner part that contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
medulla or zona vasculosa
*The ovary is divided into:
an outer part which is the _______ that consists of connective tissue stroma which contains a large number of _________; the connective tissue condenses to form the ______ _________. This is covered by peritoneum called the ___________ ________ of the _____
cortex
follicles
tunica albuginea
superficial epithelium of the ovary.
In the ___ and ___, ovaries do not migrate in development. They remain in the dorsal part of the abdomen, caudal to the kidneys at the tip of the uterine horns.
In other domestic species, the ovaries migrate during development.
dog and cat
Blood Supply of ovary (2)
Ovarian artery (major)
uterine artery
_____ _______ vein drains blood into thr left renal vein while the right ovarian vein drains into the caudal vena cava
Left ovarian
- Or oviduct or fallopian tube
- transports oocytes or ova to the uterus
Uterine Tube
the ovarian end of the oviduct is near the edge of the ovarian bursa called the _____________. This presents finger-like structures along its edge which are termed ________. During ovulation, this become swollen and are capable of movement so that they may engulf the ovulated oocyte into the uterine tube.
infundibulum
fimbriae
*Layers of the uterine tube
which is the innermost layer made up of ciliated columnar epithelium; movement of the cilia is directed toward the uterine horns.
tunica mucosa
- the organ of pregnancy as this is where implantation and development of the fetus occurs
- a tubular Y-shaped organ that communicates with the oviduct cranially and the vagina caudally
Uterus
Parts of the uterus (3)
- horns or cornua
- body or corpus
- neck or cervix
*Part of the uterus
entirely located within the abdominal cavity; right horn is slightly larger than the left
- the tips are connected to the ovary by the proper ligament and indirectly by the broad ligament
horns or cornua
*Part of the uterus
usually located at the abdominal and pelvic cavities but a large part lies within the abdomen
body or corpus
*Part of the uterus
thickened portion; may be open or close depending on the stage of reproduction (in pregnant animals – close ; non- pregnant – open); it opens into the body of the uterus at the internal uterine orifice and opens into the vagina via the external uterine orifice.
neck or cervix
(Previously Bipartite Uteri) __________ ______ have a relatively small uterine body and two uterine horns of varying development.
Bicornuate uterus (of Dogs)
contraction of the uterine muscles during labor propels the fetus from the ____ of the uterus into the _____
body
vagina
contraction of abdominal muscles and vaginal muscles results to final _________ of the _____
expulsion of the fetus
*Blood supply
Uterine branch of the ________ artery supplies the cranial parts of the Uterine horns.
Ovarian artery
Uterine artery supplies the rest of the uterine horns and the uterine body. This is a branch off the Internal Iliac artery in most domestic species, except the _____ where instead it is a branch off the External Iliac artery. The Uterine artery and the Ovarian artery anastomose within the Broad ligament.
Mare
- Part of the reproductive tract between cervix and vulva
- With the vestibule and vulva, it is the female’s copulatory organ and the birth canal
- its mucosa presents longitudinal folds or rugae
Vagina
Walls of vagina consists of (3)
t. mucosa
t. muscularis,
t.serosa
*External genitalia
space connecting the vagina to external genital opening
a. Has both urinary and reproductive canal openings
vestibule
*External genitalia
homologue of the penis; divided into:
1. roots or crura
2. body or corpus
3. glans clitoridis
clitoris
*External genitalia
consist of two labia and the external urogenital orifice (rima pudenda); the labia are homologous to scrotum; the labia fuse dorsally and ventrally to form the dorsal and ventral commissure, respectively
vulva
*Average dog heat cycle
bleeding and swelling of vulva
Stage 1 Proestrus (9 days)
*Average dog heat cycle
when she can mate and become pregnant
Stage 2 Estrus (9 days)
*Average dog heat cycle
She’s no longer fertile and may be pregnant
Stage 3 Diestrus (60 days)
*Average dog heat cycle
time for uterine repair before the next proestrus
Stage 4 Anestrus (6 months)
body of the clitoris consists primarily of fatty tissue instead of ________ tissue
erectile
elongated erectile tissue called ___________ _____ lie deep to the vestibular mucosa near the corpus clitoridia and they correspond to the bulb of the penis in the male
vestibular bulbs
Layers of the uterine tube
tunica serosa
tunica muscularis
tunica mucosa
