I. Vertebral Column (The Vertebral Column, Ribs And Sternum) Flashcards
Protects, supports, and acts as a flexible, slightly compressible rod through which the propelling force generated by the pelvic limbs is transmitted to the rest of the body
Vertebral cloumn
Basic movements (4):
◦ Flexion or dorsal arching of the spine
◦ Extension, straightening, or ventral arching of the spine
◦ Lateral flexion and extension
◦ Rotation
VC has Approximately __ irregular bones
50
Parts of the VC (5)
CERVICAL
THORACIC
LUMBAR
SACRAL
CAUDAL / COCCYGEAL
how many bones;
C_ T_ L_ S_ Cd_
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd20
- Protect the spinal cord and roots of the spinal nerves
- Aid in the support of the head and the internal organs
- Furnish attachment for the muscles governing body movements
Function of the vertebrae
Vertebrae parts;
- Body / centrum
- Vertebral arch / neural arch
-consists of R and L pedicles and laminae - Processes for muscular or articular
connections (transverse, spinous, and
articular)
Constricted centrally
Has convex cranial articular surface
Has centrally depressed caudal articular
surface
Intervertebral fibrocartilage / disc
Body
bulges freely when the confining pressure of the outer portion, or fibrous ring, is released
Center: pulpy nucleus
Has 2 pedicles and 2 laminae
Arch + body = vertebral foramen
Concurring vertebral foramina forms
vertebral canal
R and L intervertebral foramina
Vertebral arch/Neural arch
Through these pass the spinal nerves, arteries and veins
R and L intervertebral foramina
*from the vertebral arch
Processes (3)
Spinous process
Transverse process
Articular process
In the cervical region, there is the presence of transverse foramen
Transverse process
Articular process (2)
◦ Cranial process / prezygapophysis
Faces craniodorsally
◦ Caudal process / postzygapophysis
Faces cranioventrally
Cranial articular surface
Caudal articular surface
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramina
Transverse foramina
Atlas
Axis
3rd, 4th,5th cervical vertebrae
6th cervical vertebra
7th cervical vertebra
Cervical vertebrae
◦ Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull
◦ Joint movement is flexion and extension
◦ “yes joint”
Cranial articular surface
◦ Joint movement is rotation
◦ “no joint”
Caudal articular surface
◦ The spinal cord passes through this foramen: the collective vertebral foramina are referred to as the vertebral canal, or spinal canal.
Vertebral foramen
also called the neural foramen, is the opening between the vertebrae through which spinal nerve roots travel and exit to other parts of the body.
Intervertebral foramina
◦ The _____ of cervical vertebrae is an opening that is occupied by the vertebral artery and vein in the first six vertebrae and only the vertebral vein in the seventh.
Transverse foramina
◦ 1st cervical vertebra, atypical
◦ Modified articular process
◦ Lack of spinous process
◦ Reduction of its body
◦ Lateral parts are thick and strong, forming lateral masses
Atlas
◦ 2nd cervical vertebra
◦ Has elongated, bladelike, dorsal spinous process
◦ Has a cranioventral peglike eminence called dens or odontoid process
Axis
◦ Differ slightly from each other
◦ Transverse processes of the 5th cervical vertebra are the shortest
3rd, 4th,5th cervical vertebrae
◦ Possesses a higher spine than the 3rd, 4th, and 5th
◦ Expanded plate-like transverse processes
6th cervical vertebra
