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ANAT 316 > The UG triangle > Flashcards

The UG triangle Flashcards

1
Q

how are the UG and Anal triangles divided?

A

• Divided by an imaginary line extending between the ischial tuberosities

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2
Q

what borders the UG triangle?

A

anterior: pubic bone
laterally: ischiopubic ramus
posterior: line between ischial tuberosities

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3
Q

what is contained within the UG triangle?

A

urogenital hiatus

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4
Q

how are the genitals placed in the UG triangle?

A

tilted triangle so that the genitals are oriented posteriorly

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5
Q

what borders the anal triangle

A

Anterior: line between the ischial tuberosities
Lateral: ST ligament
Posterior: coccyx

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6
Q

what is contained in the anal triangle?

A

rectal hiatus

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7
Q

what is the perineal membrane

A

• Through, thin sheet of fascia covering the UG triangle

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8
Q

what is anchored by the perineal membrane?

A

genetilia

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9
Q

how is the perineal membrane divided into?

A

2 spaces (deep and superficial perineal pouches

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10
Q

which pouch is found superior to the perineal membrane?

A

deep perineal pouch

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11
Q

which pouch is found inferior to the perineal membrane?

A

superficial perineal pouch

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12
Q

what is located in the superficial perineal pouch?

A

external genitalia

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13
Q

what forms the posterior border of the superficial perineal pouch?

A

superficial transverse perineal muscle

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14
Q

what is contained in the superifical perineal pouch in females?

A

greater vestibular gland

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15
Q

what muscle is contained within the deep transverse perineal pocuh?

A

deep transverse perineal Muscle

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16
Q

what male sphincters/glands are found in the deep perineal pouch?

A

external urethral sphincter

bulbourethral gland

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17
Q

what female sphincters/glands are found in the deep perineal pouch?

A

External urethral sphincter Urethrovaginal sphincter

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18
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

Small mass of fibrous tissue located at the midpoint of the line between the ischial tuberosities

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19
Q

where is the perineal body located?

A

between UG and Anal triangles

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20
Q

what is the function of the perineal body?

A

Point of attachment for anal and urethral sphincters and attachment point for deep/superficial transverse perineal muscles

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21
Q

what is the perineal body essential for?

A

Essential to the integrity to the entire pelvic floor

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22
Q

when doing epistotomy, what are we trying not to cut?

A

the perineal body

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23
Q

the perineal body is found posterior to what in females? male?

A

vestibule in females

bulb of penis in males

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24
Q

what is the main function of the transverse perineal muscle?

A

provides strength to the perineal body

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25
Q

what is the central component of the root of the penis?

A

bulb

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26
Q

what extends on either side of the penis from the root?

A

crura

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27
Q

where does the crura of the penis attach to

A

on the ischiopubic ramus

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28
Q

what are the columns of erectile tissues formed by crura?

A

2x copora cavernosus

1x corpus spongiosum

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29
Q

what column(s) forms the dorsal surface of the penis?

A

copora cavernous

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30
Q

where does copora cavernous extend from?

A

Forms from the right and left crus of the penis

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31
Q

where does corpus spongiosum extend from?

A

Forms the bulb of the penis

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32
Q

what is contained in corpus spongiosum?

A

spongey urether

33
Q

where can corpus spongiosum be seen?

A

on the ventral side of the penis

34
Q

what are the glans of the penis?

A

a corn shaped end of the penis (distal)

35
Q

how can the dorsal side of the penis be identified?

A

when the penis is erect, it faces towards us, its the top portion

36
Q

how can the ventral side of the penis be identified?

A

when the penis is erect, it faces away from us, its the lower portion

37
Q

where does the deep penile A travel?

A

o Travel within the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum to allow for the penile tissue to engorge with blood

38
Q

what is drained by the dorsal penile vein?

A

o Drains blood from the penis

39
Q

what happens to the dorsal penile vein to maintain erection?

A

o Engorgement of penile muscles impinges on the vein

40
Q

what is the function of the skeletal muscles that cover the root of the penis?

A

o Assists in maintenance of erection and process of ejaculation

41
Q

what are the muscles that cover the root of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

Bulbospongiosus muscle

42
Q

what muscle covers the crura of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

43
Q

what is the Ischiocavernosus muscle involved in?

A
  • Helps maintain erection and pushes blood in the shaft and holds it there
  • Involved in ejactulation due to pulsile type of contraction
44
Q

what muscle covers the bulb of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

45
Q

what is the foreskin attached to?

A

o Attached to the shaft of the penis via frenulum

46
Q

what is cut during circumscion?

A

the frenulum to remove the foreskin

47
Q

what is the equivalent in females to the scrotum in males?

A

labia majora

48
Q

what is the erectile tissue in females?

A

clitoris

49
Q

what forms the crura of the clitoris?

A

Formed corpora cavernos

50
Q

what covers the crura of the clitoris?

A

Covered by ischiocavernosus muscles

51
Q

how is the body of the clitoris formed?

A

Formed from the merging of the R/L crura

52
Q

where is the bulb of the vestibule located?

A

Located between labia majora and minora

53
Q

what is found on either side of the vestibule?

A

o Aggregates of erectile tissue on either side of the vestibule

54
Q

what aggregates in the bulb of the vestibule?

A

blood

55
Q

what muscle covers the corpus spongiosum in females?

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

56
Q

what is the equivalent in females to the bulbourethral gland in males?

A

Greater vestibular glands

57
Q

where is the Greater vestibular glands located?

A

superficial perineal pouch

58
Q

what is the function of the Greater vestibular glands

A

Responsible for secreting mucus to lubricate the vagina via 2 small ducts

59
Q

what branches arise from the internal pudendal V and A

A

rectal aa/vv

Perineal branches

60
Q

where does the pudendal N come from

A

S2-S4

61
Q

what branches arise from the pudendal N?

A

rectal nn

perineal branches

62
Q

what gets innervated by the perineal branches of the pudendal N

A

genitals

63
Q

what type of innervation is provided by the pudendal N?

A

sensory to the gentials and motor contraction to the muscles

64
Q

what provides sympathetic innervation to the UG triangle?

A

o Lumbar and sacral splanchnic N

65
Q

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the UG triangle?

A

o Pelvic splanchinic N S2-S4

66
Q

what provides stimulation to the genitalia?

A

o Somatic sensory innervation via the pudendal N

67
Q

what provides innervation during erection?

A

Parasympathetic innervation via the pelvic splanchnic N

68
Q

what happens by the parasympatheic innervation to obtain erection?

A

relaxes the penile A, expands and compresses the penile veins to inhibit drainage

69
Q

what gives innervation to maintain erection?

A

 Pudendal N innervates bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles to hold contraction and maintain erection

70
Q

what trick can be used to maintain erection?

A

S2-3-4 keeps penis off the floor

71
Q

how is the emission phase innervated?

A

via Sympathetic innervation of the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves

72
Q

what happens during emission phase?

A

 Sympathetic innervation to spermatic tubes to allow for contractions of ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostatic contraction, contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

73
Q

what will prevent semen from entering the bladder?

A

bulbourethral gland when contracted

74
Q

what gland in females is controled during the emission phase via sympathetic innervation of the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves?

A

the greater vestibular gland

75
Q

what allows for ejaculation to occur?

A

motor impluses of rythmic contraction of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscle allowing to push semen through the penis

76
Q

what gives sympathetic innervation to the uterus.vagina.clitoris?

A

o Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves through the inferior hypogastric plexus

77
Q

what does the sympathetic innervation stimulate in females?

A

uterine contractions during labour

78
Q

what provides parasympathetic innervation in females?

A

o Pelvic splanchnic nerves via inferior hypogastric plexus

79
Q

what does the parasympathetic innervation stimulate in females?

A

relaxation of uterine muscle and vasodilation to allow engorgement of erectile tissues

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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