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ANAT 316 > midgut and hindgut > Flashcards

midgut and hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

where does the foregut range from?

A

From esophagus to D3/D4 segment of the duodenum

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2
Q

where does the midgut range from?

A

D4 Segment (transition portion), Jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and first 2/3 of the transverse colon

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3
Q

where does the hindgut range from?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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4
Q

how long is the SI?

A

6-7m

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5
Q

how long is the duodenum?

A

20-25 cm

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6
Q

what type of organs are the ileum and jejunum?

A

intraperitoneal organ

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7
Q

what suspends the ileum and jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

mesentery proper

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8
Q

what travels within the mesentery proper?

A

vessels

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9
Q

what is prominently found in the jejunum which is not as prominent even absent in the ileum? what is its function?

A

plicae circulares

function; increases surface area and allows for maximal absorption

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10
Q

how could the wall of the jejeunum be described?

A

thicker and more red in color

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11
Q

how can the vessels of the jejunum be described as?

A
  • long vasa recta vessels (straight)

- few vascular arcades (loops)

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12
Q

where is the jejunum located anatomically

A

in the LUQ

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13
Q

how can the wall of the ileum be described as?

A

thinner, whiter in color due to less vessels

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14
Q

how could the vessels of the ileum be described?

A

short vasa recta

many large vascular arcades

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15
Q

what is present exclusively in the ileum and served to filter fluids?

A

Peyer’s patch which are lymphatic aggregates

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16
Q

where is the ileum located anatomically?

A

RLQ

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17
Q

how long is the colon

A

~1.5m

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18
Q

where does the colon range from

A

ileocecal junction to the anus

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19
Q

how does the ileocecal valve differ from other sphincters?

A

Ileocecal valve uses pressure differentials as opposed to actual motor activity like most sphincters

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20
Q

what part of the colon is jointed to the left by the ileum?

A

cecum

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21
Q

what is the cecum?

A

Blind-ended pouch located in the lower right quadrant

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22
Q

what is contained in the cecum of the colon that serves as an extension?

A

appendix

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23
Q

what is the appendix?

A

narrow blind ended tube

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24
Q

what type of organ is the appendix?

A

intraperitoneal

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25
if we refer to the appendix being found post-ileal what does it mean?
behind the ileum
26
if we refer to the appendix being found retroceccal what does it mean?
behind cecum
27
if we refer to the appendix being found subcecal what does it mean?
under the cecum
28
if we refer to the appendix being found in the pelvic what does it mean?
pointing towards the pelvis
29
if we refer to the appendix being found pre/sub-ileal what does it mean?
infront of the ileum
30
where is the appendix located?
at McBurnery’s point | measures from the Right ASIS to the umbilicus, at the lateral 1/3
31
what type of organ is the ascending colon?
retroperitoneal organ
32
where does the ascending colon extend from?
Extends superiorly from the cecum to the liver
33
where does the acending colon transition into the transverse colon?
at the hepatic flexure
34
what type of organ is the transverse colon?
intraperitoneal organ
35
where does the transverse colon extend from?
ascending colon at hepatic flexure to the descending colon at the splenic flexure
36
relative to the hepatic flexure where is the splenic flexure?
higher up, due to big size of the liver
37
what suspends the transverse colon?
by transverse mesocolon
38
what can the transverse mesocolon be easily confused with in the lab?
with the greater omentum
39
what type of organ is the descending colon?
retroperitoneal organ
40
where does the descending colon extend from?
Extends down from the splenic flexure and distally will continue as the sigmoid colon
41
what type of organ is the sigmoid colon?
intraperitoneal organ
42
how is the sigmoid colon shaped?
Forms S shaped loop
43
where does the sigmoid colon extend from?
ends at the sacrum and continues to the rectum
44
what suspends the sigmoid colon?
fan-shaped sigmoid mesocolon
45
what is the final portion of the colon?
rectum and anal canal
46
how could the lumen of the colon be described as?
large
47
what is teniae coli of the colon?
3 thickened binds of longitudinal muscles
48
what does the teniae coli create?
folds onto itself such as ruching in dresses
49
what is the function of the haustra?
Out-pockets to have fecal matter clumping together in order to better absorb H20 and Ions
50
what are epiploic appendages?
Fatty tags enclosed by peritoneum attached in rows along teniae coli
51
what is the function of the epiploic appendages?
Provide proprioception for the colon
52
What A gives blood to the midgut?
superior mesenteric A
53
what gives blood to the hind gut?
Inferior mesenteric A
54
at what level can the SMA be identified?
L1
55
at what level can the IMA be identified?
L3
56
where does the SMV sit and where does the SMA sit?
vein sits on the right near IVC | artery sits on the left near aorta
57
how does the SMA travel?
Comes off of the aorta and travels posterior to the D1 segment and the neck of the pancreas
58
what is created by the jejunal and ileal branches of the SMA?
Creates the vascular arcades that go towards jejunum and ileum
59
how do the ileal and jejunal branches travel? think of the drawing
travel on the left side of the loop of the SMA
60
what are the main braches that comes from the right of the SMA?
inferior pancreaticoduodenal A (anterior and posterior) ileocolic A right colic A middle colic A
61
where does the ileocolic A travel?
• Towards the cecum and ileum also close to the appendix
62
the appendicular A is a branch of what A?
ileocolic A
63
where does the right colic A travel to?
ascending colon
64
where does the middle colic A travel to?
to the transverse colon, it comes up and will curl around the hepatic flexure
65
does the IMA have a partnering vein?
no
66
what branches arise from the IMA?
left colic A sigmoidal aa superior rectal A
67
where does the left colic A travel to?
to the descending colon
68
what joins with the left colic A to form the marginal A?
the middle colic A
69
what aa supply the sigmoid portion of the colon?
sigmoidal aa
70
what gets blood from the superior rectal A?
rectum and upper anal canal
71
what is the marginal A of drummond important for?
providing blood supply in cases of blocks
72
what is known as the watershed area?
splenic flexure
73
what is the watershed area?
area of dual blood supply

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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