the oral cavity and mastication

Question 1

what forms the roof of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

bone and soft tissue

Question 2

what composes the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 2

muscular tissue

Question 3

what lines everything inside the oral cavity?

Answer 3

mucosal membrane

Question 4

what opens the oral cavity posteriorly?

Answer 4

oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 5

how does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue originate?

Answer 5

originates as a root that curls back into the mouth

Question 6

what separates the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue?

Answer 6

the terminal sulcus

Question 7

what fuses the 2 muscle portions of the tongue?

Answer 7

the lingual septum

Question 8

what controls the right side of the tongue?

Answer 8

the left side of the brain

Question 9

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 9

controls finer movements of the tongue

Question 10

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? what do they permit?

Answer 10

• geniglossus
• hypoglossus
• styloglossus
• palatoglossus
• responsible for larger movements of the tongue

Question 11

where does the genioglossus orignat and insert?

Answer 11

from the genu of the mandible to the tongue

Question 12

what is the main function of the genioglossus?

Answer 12

protrusion of the tongue (sticking out)

Question 13

what innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 13

Hypohlossal N for -geniglossus
-hypoglossus
-styloglossus
Vagus N-palatoglossus

Question 14

where does the hypoglossus orignate and insert?

Answer 14

Hyoid bone to the tongue

Question 15

what is the function of the hypoglossal muscle of the tongue?

Answer 15

depression and retraction of the tongue

Question 16

what is the hyoid bone?

Answer 16

bone located around C3 which is held in place by the inferior and superior muscles . accommodates space for the bolus to pass through

Question 17

what is the unilateral function of the hypoglossal muscle of the tongue?

Answer 17

• Unilateral contraction causes a flipping of the tongue to either side

Question 18

where does the styloglossus originate and insert?

Answer 18

Styloid process to the tongue

Question 19

what is the function of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 19

elevation and retraction of the tongue

-prevents swallowing the bolus

Question 20

where does the palatoglossus originate and insert?

Answer 20

soft Palate to the tongue

Question 21

what is the function of the palatoglossus muscle of the tongue?

Answer 21

elevation of the root of the tongue to close

Question 22

what muscle share innervation with the soft palate?

Answer 22

Palatoglossus muscle

Question 23

where does the hypoglossal N. exit from?

Answer 23

hypoglossal canal

Question 24

what type of innervation is provided by the hypoglossal n.?

Answer 24

motor innervation to the tongue

Question 25

what provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 25

lingual N (V3)

Question 26

what provides general somatic innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 26

chorda tympani (branch of the facial N (7)

Question 27

what N. merges with the lingual N?

Answer 27

chorda tympani

Question 28

where does the corda tympani travel?

Answer 28

between head of mandible and coronoid process in the mandible

Question 29

what nerve provides general sensory and taste innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 29

glossopharyngeal N (9)

Question 30

what A. transitions to give blood supply to the tongue on either side?

Answer 30

external carotid A transitions into the lingual A

Question 31

what veins can be seen under the tongue?

Answer 31

deep lingual veins

Question 32

where do the veins of the tongue drain into?

Answer 32

internal jugular vein

Question 33

what is the main vein responsible for venous drainage of the tongue?

Answer 33

lingual vein

Question 34

what muscles form the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 34

mylohydoid and geniohyoid muscles

Question 35

where does the geniohydoid muscle originate and insert?

Answer 35

genu of mandible posteriorly to the hyoid bone

Question 36

how is the geniohyoid muscle fibers oriented?

Answer 36

longitudinal direction

Question 37

where does the mylohydoid muscle originate and insert?

Answer 37

mylohyoid line of the mandible to the hyoid bone

Question 38

how are the muscles of the oral cavity ordered | -geniohyoid, genioglossus and mylohydoid

Answer 38

mylohoid, followed by geniohyoid and lastly genioglossus from superficial to deep

Question 39

is the innervation between the muscles of the tongue and the muscles of the floor of the oral cavity the same?

Answer 39

no, it differs

Question 40

what gland is located on either side of the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 40

submandibular gland

Question 41

what duct crosses overt top of the lingual nerve?

Answer 41

submandibular duct

Question 42

what innervates the submandibular gland?

Answer 42

parasympathetic branch of the facial N

Question 43

what gland sits beneath the tongue within the oral cavity?

Answer 43

sublingual gland

Question 44

what innervates the sublingual gland?

Answer 44

parasympathetic branch of the facial N

Question 45

what branch of cranial nerve grives rise to the infraorbital N?

Answer 45

maxilary N (V2)

Question 46

what N. provides sensory innervation to the upper teeth?

Answer 46

superior alveolar nerves from the infraorbital N

Question 47

what N. gives rise to the inferior alveolar N.?

Answer 47

mandibular N (V3)

Question 48

how does the inferior alveolar N. travel?

Answer 48

enters mandible through mandibular foramen

Question 49

what is the hard palate composed of?

Answer 49

palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

Question 50

where can the greater and lesser palatine foramina be observed?

Answer 50

• Greater and lesser palatine foramina found on either side of the hard palate posteriorly

Question 51

what is the role of the soft palate?

Answer 51

acts a sphincter/valve that will help to close off the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 52

what is the structure that hangs at the back of the mouth and is associated with the soft palate?

Answer 52

uvula

Question 53

what is the main function of palatopharygeus?

Answer 53

• Close off the soft palate to create unidirectional flow

Question 54

what happens to the soft palate when chewing?

Answer 54

• Depression of the soft palate closes off the oral cavity when chewing

Question 55

what happens to the soft palate when swallowing

Answer 55

• Elevation of the soft palate closes off the nasal cavity in order to assist in swallowing

Question 56

can air pass through when swallowing food?

Answer 56

no, all openings are closed to allow food to pass through

Question 57

what muscles tenses the soft palate?

Answer 57

Tensor Veli Palatini:

Question 58

what gets closes off by the flattening of Tensor Veli Palatini?

Answer 58

close off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

Question 59

what is the muscles that wraps around the medial pterygoid plate?

Answer 59

Tensor Veli Palatini

Question 60

what innervates Tensor Veli Palatini?

Answer 60

Vagus N. (X)

Question 61

what muscle elevates the soft palate?

Answer 61

Levator Veli Palatini

Question 62

what innervates Levator Veli Palatini

Answer 62

Mandibular N

Question 63

where does palatopharygeus originate and insert?

Answer 63

• From the palate to the muscles of the pharynx,

Question 64

what is the function of palatopharyngeus?

Answer 64

elevates the pharynx to close off the oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 65

what innervates palatopharyngeus?

Answer 65

Vagus N. (x)

Question 66

Where does the greater palatine N. travel and what does it innervate?

Answer 66

travels anteriorly and will innervate: Mucosa of the heart plate, the gingiva & gums

Question 67

Where does the lesser palatine N. travel and what does it innervate?

Answer 67

posteriorly and will give sensory innervation to the oral mucosa

Question 68

the nasopalatine N is a branch of which N?

Answer 68

maxillary V2

Question 69

where does the nasopalatine N travel?

Answer 69

• Travels down the nasal septum through incisive canal to the palate

Question 70

what does the nasopalatine N provide innervation to?

Answer 70

innervation of anterior aspect of palate

Question 71

what provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 1/3 of the palate?

Answer 71

• Nasopalatine N

Question 72

what provides the majority of the sensory innervation to the palate?

Answer 72

greater palatine N.

Question 73

what gives sensory innervation to the upper jaw?

Answer 73

Superior Alveolar n.

Question 74

what N. does the Superior Alveolar n. branch from?

Answer 74

from the infraorbital N. a branch of the maxillary V2 n.

Question 75

what provides Sensory Innervation of mandibular teeth and labial gingiva of the lower jaw

Answer 75

Inferior alveolar n.

Question 76

how does the Inferior alveolar n. terminate as and where?

Answer 76

Mental N. once it passes through the mental foramen.

Question 77

what muscles form the arches of the soft palate?

Answer 77

palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles

Question 78

where does temporalis originate and insert?

Answer 78

o: Temporal Fossa I: Coronoid process of the mandible

Question 79

what is the function of temporalis muscle?

Answer 79

Elevation and retraction of the mandible

Question 80

what innervates temporalis muscle? be specific.

Answer 80

Branches of Mandibular V3 (Deep temporal)

Question 81

where does masseter originate and insert?

Answer 81

o: Zygomatic arch i: Angle of the mandible

Question 82

what is the function of the masseter muscle?

Answer 82

Elevation and protrusion of the mandible

Question 83

what innervates masseter muscle? be specific.

Answer 83

Branches of Mandibular V3 (Massteric)

Question 84

where does medial pterygoid originate and insert?

Answer 84

o: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate i: Angle of the mandible (internal surface)

Question 85

what is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 85

Elevation of the mandible

Question 86

what innervates the medial pterygoid?

Answer 86

Branches of V3 (Medial Pterygoid n.)

Question 87

where does lateral pterygoid originate and insert?

Answer 87

o: SH: greater wing of sphenoid IH: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (horizontal) i: SH: articular disc IH: condyle of the mandible (inserts into the superior TMJ joint)

Question 88

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 88

Protrusion of mandible – initiates depression of mandible by pulling on articular disc and Side to side movements while chewing