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ANAT 316 > the oral cavity and mastication > Flashcards

the oral cavity and mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the roof of the oral cavity?

A

bone and soft tissue

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2
Q

what composes the floor of the oral cavity?

A

muscular tissue

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3
Q

what lines everything inside the oral cavity?

A

mucosal membrane

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4
Q

what opens the oral cavity posteriorly?

A

oropharyngeal isthmus

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5
Q

how does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue originate?

A

originates as a root that curls back into the mouth

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6
Q

what separates the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue?

A

the terminal sulcus

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7
Q

what fuses the 2 muscle portions of the tongue?

A

the lingual septum

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8
Q

what controls the right side of the tongue?

A

the left side of the brain

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9
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

controls finer movements of the tongue

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10
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? what do they permit?

A
  • geniglossus
  • hypoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglossus
  • responsible for larger movements of the tongue
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11
Q

where does the genioglossus orignat and insert?

A

from the genu of the mandible to the tongue

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12
Q

what is the main function of the genioglossus?

A

protrusion of the tongue (sticking out)

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13
Q

what innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypohlossal N for -geniglossus
-hypoglossus
-styloglossus
Vagus N-palatoglossus

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14
Q

where does the hypoglossus orignate and insert?

A

Hyoid bone to the tongue

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15
Q

what is the function of the hypoglossal muscle of the tongue?

A

depression and retraction of the tongue

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16
Q

what is the hyoid bone?

A

bone located around C3 which is held in place by the inferior and superior muscles . accommodates space for the bolus to pass through

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17
Q

what is the unilateral function of the hypoglossal muscle of the tongue?

A

• Unilateral contraction causes a flipping of the tongue to either side

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18
Q

where does the styloglossus originate and insert?

A

Styloid process to the tongue

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19
Q

what is the function of the styloglossus muscle?

A

elevation and retraction of the tongue

-prevents swallowing the bolus

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20
Q

where does the palatoglossus originate and insert?

A

soft Palate to the tongue

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21
Q

what is the function of the palatoglossus muscle of the tongue?

A

elevation of the root of the tongue to close

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22
Q

what muscle share innervation with the soft palate?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

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23
Q

where does the hypoglossal N. exit from?

A

hypoglossal canal

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24
Q

what type of innervation is provided by the hypoglossal n.?

A

motor innervation to the tongue

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25
Q

what provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

lingual N (V3)

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26
Q

what provides general somatic innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

chorda tympani (branch of the facial N (7)

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27
Q

what N. merges with the lingual N?

A

chorda tympani

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28
Q

where does the corda tympani travel?

A

between head of mandible and coronoid process in the mandible

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29
Q

what nerve provides general sensory and taste innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal N (9)

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30
Q

what A. transitions to give blood supply to the tongue on either side?

A

external carotid A transitions into the lingual A

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31
Q

what veins can be seen under the tongue?

A

deep lingual veins

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32
Q

where do the veins of the tongue drain into?

A

internal jugular vein

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33
Q

what is the main vein responsible for venous drainage of the tongue?

A

lingual vein

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34
Q

what muscles form the floor of the oral cavity?

A

mylohydoid and geniohyoid muscles

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35
Q

where does the geniohydoid muscle originate and insert?

A

genu of mandible posteriorly to the hyoid bone

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36
Q

how is the geniohyoid muscle fibers oriented?

A

longitudinal direction

37
Q

where does the mylohydoid muscle originate and insert?

A

mylohyoid line of the mandible to the hyoid bone

38
Q

how are the muscles of the oral cavity ordered

-geniohyoid, genioglossus and mylohydoid

A

mylohoid, followed by geniohyoid and lastly genioglossus from superficial to deep

39
Q

is the innervation between the muscles of the tongue and the muscles of the floor of the oral cavity the same?

A

no, it differs

40
Q

what gland is located on either side of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

submandibular gland

41
Q

what duct crosses overt top of the lingual nerve?

A

submandibular duct

42
Q

what innervates the submandibular gland?

A

parasympathetic branch of the facial N

43
Q

what gland sits beneath the tongue within the oral cavity?

A

sublingual gland

44
Q

what innervates the sublingual gland?

A

parasympathetic branch of the facial N

45
Q

what branch of cranial nerve grives rise to the infraorbital N?

A

maxilary N (V2)

46
Q

what N. provides sensory innervation to the upper teeth?

A

superior alveolar nerves from the infraorbital N

47
Q

what N. gives rise to the inferior alveolar N.?

A

mandibular N (V3)

48
Q

how does the inferior alveolar N. travel?

A

enters mandible through mandibular foramen

49
Q

what is the hard palate composed of?

A

palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

50
Q

where can the greater and lesser palatine foramina be observed?

A

• Greater and lesser palatine foramina found on either side of the hard palate posteriorly

51
Q

what is the role of the soft palate?

A

acts a sphincter/valve that will help to close off the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

52
Q

what is the structure that hangs at the back of the mouth and is associated with the soft palate?

A

uvula

53
Q

what is the main function of palatopharygeus?

A

• Close off the soft palate to create unidirectional flow

54
Q

what happens to the soft palate when chewing?

A

• Depression of the soft palate closes off the oral cavity when chewing

55
Q

what happens to the soft palate when swallowing

A

• Elevation of the soft palate closes off the nasal cavity in order to assist in swallowing

56
Q

can air pass through when swallowing food?

A

no, all openings are closed to allow food to pass through

57
Q

what muscles tenses the soft palate?

A

Tensor Veli Palatini:

58
Q

what gets closes off by the flattening of Tensor Veli Palatini?

A

close off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

59
Q

what is the muscles that wraps around the medial pterygoid plate?

A

Tensor Veli Palatini

60
Q

what innervates Tensor Veli Palatini?

A

Vagus N. (X)

61
Q

what muscle elevates the soft palate?

A

Levator Veli Palatini

62
Q

what innervates Levator Veli Palatini

A

Mandibular N

63
Q

where does palatopharygeus originate and insert?

A

• From the palate to the muscles of the pharynx,

64
Q

what is the function of palatopharyngeus?

A

elevates the pharynx to close off the oropharyngeal isthmus

65
Q

what innervates palatopharyngeus?

A

Vagus N. (x)

66
Q

Where does the greater palatine N. travel and what does it innervate?

A

travels anteriorly and will innervate: Mucosa of the heart plate, the gingiva & gums

67
Q

Where does the lesser palatine N. travel and what does it innervate?

A

posteriorly and will give sensory innervation to the oral mucosa

68
Q

the nasopalatine N is a branch of which N?

A

maxillary V2

69
Q

where does the nasopalatine N travel?

A

• Travels down the nasal septum through incisive canal to the palate

70
Q

what does the nasopalatine N provide innervation to?

A

innervation of anterior aspect of palate

71
Q

what provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 1/3 of the palate?

A

• Nasopalatine N

72
Q

what provides the majority of the sensory innervation to the palate?

A

greater palatine N.

73
Q

what gives sensory innervation to the upper jaw?

A

Superior Alveolar n.

74
Q

what N. does the Superior Alveolar n. branch from?

A

from the infraorbital N. a branch of the maxillary V2 n.

75
Q

what provides Sensory Innervation of mandibular teeth and labial gingiva of the lower jaw

A

Inferior alveolar n.

76
Q

how does the Inferior alveolar n. terminate as and where?

A

Mental N. once it passes through the mental foramen.

77
Q

what muscles form the arches of the soft palate?

A

palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles

78
Q

where does temporalis originate and insert?

A

o: Temporal Fossa
I: Coronoid process of the mandible

79
Q

what is the function of temporalis muscle?

A

Elevation and retraction of the mandible

80
Q

what innervates temporalis muscle? be specific.

A

Branches of Mandibular V3 (Deep temporal)

81
Q

where does masseter originate and insert?

A

o: Zygomatic arch
i: Angle of the mandible

82
Q

what is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

Elevation and protrusion of the mandible

83
Q

what innervates masseter muscle? be specific.

A

Branches of Mandibular V3 (Massteric)

84
Q

where does medial pterygoid originate and insert?

A

o: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
i: Angle of the mandible (internal surface)

85
Q

what is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Elevation of the mandible

86
Q

what innervates the medial pterygoid?

A

Branches of V3 (Medial Pterygoid n.)

87
Q

where does lateral pterygoid originate and insert?

A

o: SH: greater wing of sphenoid
IH: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
(horizontal)

i: SH: articular disc IH: condyle of the mandible (inserts into the superior TMJ joint)

88
Q

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Protrusion of mandible – initiates depression of mandible by pulling on articular disc and Side to side movements while chewing

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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