INTRO TO VISCERAL SYSTEMS

Question 1

What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 1

involuntary control of visceral organs and body tissues

Question 2

what is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

Answer 2

Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS

Question 3

what NS is responsible for rest and digestion?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic

Question 4

which nervous system contains short preganglionic neurons and long post ganglionic neurons?

Answer 4

sympathetic NS

Question 5

which nervous system contains long preganglionic neurons and short post ganglionic neurons?

Answer 5

parasympathetic NS

Question 6

what NS is responsible for fight or flight?

Answer 6

sympathetic NS

Question 7

in what NS is the heart rate generally increased?

Answer 7

sympathetic NS

Question 8

what is the innervation of the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 8

cranial nerves (3,7.9,10) & S2-S4

Question 9

what is the innervation of the sympathetic NS?

Answer 9

T1-L2

Question 10

what is the sympathetic chain composed of?

Answer 10

paravertebral ganglia

Question 11

what nervous system secretes norepinephrine at target organ?

Answer 11

sympathetic NS

Question 12

what are visceral afferents?

Answer 12

sensory inputs that come from organs

Question 13

what are visceral efferents?

Answer 13

motor outputs sent to organs

Question 14

what does the information in the sympathetic NS travel through?

Answer 14

through the sympathetic chain

Question 15

what are the characteristics of preganglionic neurons?

Answer 15

• myelinated

- begin in the CNS

Question 16

what are the characteristics of postganglionic neurons?

Answer 16

• unmyelinated

- synapses with neurons from CNS

Question 17

in what spinal segment is the lateral horn found in?

Answer 17

• in the thoracic region

Question 18

where does the sympathetic chain run along?

Answer 18

it runs along each side of the vertebral column

Question 19

what does the white ramus communicans allow passage of?

Answer 19

of the preganglionic neurons

Question 20

what is the white/grey ramus communicans?

Answer 20

a nervous structure that allows communication between spinal nerves and sympathetic ganglia

Question 21

what does the grey ramus communicans allow passage of?

Answer 21

of postganglionic neurons

Question 22

what are the 4 different travel methods for sympathetic information pathways?

Answer 22

1) pregnaglionic neurons enter the sympathetic chain via white ramus communicans and synapse at the same level with postganglionic neurons which exit at the same level
2) pregnaglionic neurons enter the sympathetic chain via white ramus communicans and synapse at a ganglion higher or lower and postganglionic neuron exits through grey communicans at corresponding spinal level
3) preganglionic neurons synpases via the splanchnic nerve where they then synpase with postganglionic neurons
4) preganglionic neurons don’t synapse and travel directly to target organ