Coronary Circulation & innervation of the heart Flashcards
what groove encircles the heart and separates the atria and ventricles?
atrioventricular groove
what are the components that form the interventricular groove?
anterior and posterior
where do arteries of the heart lie? what does it enable to do?
• Arteries lie on the external surface of the heart along the grooves which also enables to separate the chambers
what are the main arteries of the heart?
right/left coronary a
Where does the R coronary A travel?
Travels within the atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart
what branches generally arise from the RCA?
marginal A
posterior interventricular A
sinoatrial nodal A
What A. travels along the margin of the right ventricle
marginal A
how does the posterior interventricular A travel?
curls around the back and dives 90 degrees into the interventricular groove (posterior)
Where does the L coronary A travel?
Travels within the atrioventricular groove on the left side of the heart
what branches does the LCA give rise to?
anterior ventricular A
circumflex A
where does the anterior ventricular A travel?
travels within the interventricular groove
relative to the heart, how is the circumflex A positioned?
it wraps around the back and does down to travel in the atrioventricular groove to the posterior surface of the heart
where do the main A. of the heart originate from?
ascending aorta
where do the main A. of the heart branch off of?
• They branch directly on the openings of the aortic valves found within the aortic sinuses
what acts as a valve to open and close the orifice of the coronary A?
cusps of the aortic valve
what happens when the aortic valve is open?
the coronary opening is closed
what are the different types of vascular variations of the heart?
- right dominant equal
- right dominant unequal
- left dominant unequal
- single coronary supply
which dominancy is seen is the majority of the population
right dominance
equal
how is vascular dominancy defined?
defined by which main coronary A gives rise to the posterior interventricular A
during right dominant unequal vascularity, which side supplies the majority of the blood?
right side
what is a coronary bypass used for?
Treatment for blockage of coronary A.
what procedure can be used during coronary bypass?
venous or arterial grafts
what does a venous graft involve?
o Venous grafts involve taking a vein and bypassing blocked A by grafting it directly to the aorta
what vein is generally taken for bypass surgery?
greater saphenous vein from ankle
what are some disadvantages of venous grafts?
grafted above the valves causes for the vein to be under constant hight pressures thus more prone to damage
what A. are generally used for Arterial grafts?
internal thoracic A
radial A from anatomical snuff box