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ANAT 316 > cranial Nerves > Flashcards

cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

A

12

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2
Q

what is innervated by nerves that provide general somatic innervation?

A

skin and muscles

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3
Q

what is innervated by nerves that provide general visceral innervation?

A

Blood vessels, salivary glands, intraocular muscles

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4
Q

what is innervated by nerves that provide special somatic innervation?

A

Vision, hearing, balance

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5
Q

what is innervated by nerves that provide special visceral innervation?

A

taste and smell

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6
Q

what are the false cranial nerves? why?

A

cranial N 1 and 2

Extension of brain tissue developmentally

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7
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 1

A

olfactory

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8
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 2

A

optic

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9
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 3

A

occulomotor

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10
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 4

A

trochlear

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11
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 5

A

trigeminal

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12
Q

what are the 3 subnerves of cranial N 5

A

V1: opthlamic N
V2: maxillary N
V3: mandibular N.

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13
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 6

A

abducens

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14
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 7

A

facial

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15
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 8

A

vestibular/auditory

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16
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 9

A

glossopharyngeal

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17
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 10

A

vagus

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18
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 11

A

spinal acessory N

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19
Q

what is the name of Cranial N 12

A

hypoglossal

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20
Q

what cranial N originate from the brain?

A

1 and 2

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21
Q

what cranial N originate from the midbrain?

A

occulomotor and trochlear

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22
Q

what is a particular characteristic of the origin of the throchear N?

A

originates at Midbrain from posterior and wraps anteriorly

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23
Q

what cranial N originate from the PONS?

A

5

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24
Q

what cranial N originate from the pontomedullary junction?

A

6,7,8

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25
Q

what cranial N originate from the Medulla

A

9,10,11, 12

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26
Q

what cranial N originate from the medulla and spinal cord?

A

11

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27
Q

what cranial N passes through the cribiform foramen of the ethmoid bone?

A

olfactory N. (1)

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28
Q

what cranial N passes through the optic canal of the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic N. (2)

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29
Q

what cranial N passes through the SOF?

A

occulomotor (3)
Trochlear (4)
Opthlamic N (V1)
Abducens (6)

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30
Q

what cranial N passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary N (V2)

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31
Q

what cranial N passes through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular N (V3)

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32
Q

what cranial N passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Facial N (7)

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33
Q

what cranial N passes through the internal accoustic meatus?

A

Vestibular N (8)

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34
Q

what cranial N passes through the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal (9)
Vagus (10)
spinal accessory (11)

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35
Q

what cranial N passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal N (12)

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36
Q

what Nerves go around the PONS of the brainstem?

A

4-5-6

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37
Q

how do nerves 7-11 travel relative to the brainstem?

A

goes straight down along the medulla oblongata

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38
Q

how does the 12th nerve travel relative to the brainstem?

A

curls back at the center

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39
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the tongue?

A

XII- hypoglossal

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40
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?

A

XI- Spinal accessory

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41
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation larynx and phalynx?

A

X- Vagus

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42
Q

what nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 tongue

A

X- Vagus

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43
Q

what nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the salivary glands?

A

X- Vagus

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44
Q

what nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the hearing and balance?

A

VIII- Vestibular (auditory)

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45
Q

what nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

VII- Facial

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46
Q

what nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal and salivary glands?

A

VII- Facial

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47
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

A

VII- Facial

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48
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the LR

A

VI- Abducens

49
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of mastication?

A

V3- mandibular N.

50
Q

what nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the upper, middle and lower face?

A

V- Trigeminal
V1: opthlamic N
V2: maxillary N
V3: mandibular N.

51
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the SO?

A

IV- Trochlear

52
Q

what nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the : Extraocular muscles of the eye (superior, inferior and medial rectus and inferior oblique)?

A

III- Occulomotor

53
Q

what nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the iris and is involved in pupillary construction

A

III- Occulomotor

54
Q

what nerve is responsible for vision?

A

II- Optic

55
Q

what nerve is responsible for smell?I- Olfactory

A

I- Olfactory

56
Q

what parts compose the brainstem?

A

midbrain
PONS
medulla oblongata

57
Q

what is the nerve pathway of the olfactory N?

A

Small N. fibers dangling in the nasal cavity, begin in nose epithelium.` The nerve pierces through the cribriform plate and consolidates in the olfactory bulb which represents cranial N. I which narrows into olfactory track and brings simulation of what we smell

58
Q

where is the olfactory bulb located?

A

Bulb sits directly in the cribiform foramena

59
Q

what is the nerve pathway of the optic N

A

Optic nerve–> optic chiasm–> optic tract (crossing)

60
Q

where is the pituitary gland located relative to the optic chiasm? what fossa is there?

A

Pituitary gland sits posterior to the optic chiasms (and where hypophyseal fossa)

61
Q

where does the right Visual field project?

A

left brain

62
Q

where does the left visual field project?

A

right brain

63
Q

what muscles elevates the upper eye lid?

A

• Levator palpebrae superioris

64
Q

what is the insertion and origin of Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Originate at common tendinous ring

Inserts at upper eye lid

65
Q

what is the insertion and origin of the 4 rectus muscles?

A

originate along the anterior half of the eye ball and insert onto the common tendinous ring (annulus of zinn)

66
Q

what is the annulus of zinn?

A

ring where all ocular muscles originate

67
Q

what is the function of Superior rectus?

A

elevation + intorsion

68
Q

what is the function of rectus inferior?

A

depression and extorsion

69
Q

what is the function of medial rectus?

A

adduction of the eye

70
Q

what is the function of lateral rectus?

A

abduction of the eye

71
Q

what muscle allows for depression and intorsion of the eye?

A

superior oblique

72
Q

where does the contraction of the superior oblique come from?

A

Contraction comes from back of top of eye ball and moves forward

73
Q

what is the sling along the medial orbit known as?

A

trochlea

74
Q

where does the superior oblique insert?

A

on the annulus of zinn

75
Q

what muscle of the eye allows for elevation and extorsion?

A

inferior oblique

76
Q

where does the inferior oblique insert?

A

Inserts on medial wall of the orbit

77
Q

what happens to the optical axis during gaze?

A

it changes as different muscles work together

78
Q

what muscles of the eyes are used in order to look to the left?

A

Right eye medial rectus, left eye lateral rectus

79
Q

what muscles work together in order to get complete elevation of the eye?

A

IO and SR

80
Q

what muscles work together in order to get complete depression of the eye?

A

IR and SO

81
Q

what must be done to MR and LR to test for adductor/abductor of the eye?

A
  1. Lateral rectus – ask patient to look away/laterally (abduct the eye)
  2. Medial rectus – ask patient to look towards their nose (adduct the eye)
82
Q

what must be done to SR and IO to test for elevation of the eye?

A
  1. Superior rectus – ask patient to abduct the eye and look up
  2. Inferior oblique – ask patient to adduct the eye and look up
83
Q

what must be done to IR and SO to test for depression of the eye?

A
  1. Inferior rectus – ask the patient to abduct the eye and look down
  2. Superior oblique – ask patient to adduct the eye and look down
84
Q

which root (sensory or motor) of the Trigeminal N is greater in size?

A

sensory root

85
Q

what does the opthalmic branch (V1) innervate?

A

Sensation to the skin of the forehead, upper eye lid and center portion of the nose

86
Q

what does the maxillary branch (V2) innervate?

A

sensation from upper eye lid to middle of the lips (middle face

87
Q

what nerve arises from the CN V2? which foramen does it exit?

A

infraorbital N.

exits via infraorbital foramen

88
Q

what is the innervation provided by the mandibular branch (V3)?

A

Sensation to the lower face to the chin from the superior border of upper lip

89
Q

what branches arise from the mandibular branch?

A

inferior alveolar N

lingual N.

90
Q

what is innervated by the lingual N.?

A

General sensory Innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

91
Q

where does the inferior alveolar N. peak out of? what does it become?

A

Mental Foramen

becomes the mental N

92
Q

what is the function of the mental N.?

A

which provides innervation to the skin of the inferior face (inferior border of upper lip to chin)

93
Q

what is the function of the inferior alveolar N?

A

provides sensation to the lower teeth.

94
Q

what passes through foramen spinosum?

A

meningeal A

95
Q

what does the facial N. pierce as it exits the stylomastoid foramen?

A

the parotid gland

96
Q

into how many branches does the facial N. divide into?

A

5 groups

97
Q

what branches does the facial N give rise to?

A
  • corda tympani branch

- parasympathetic fibers

98
Q

what is innervated by the parasympathetic fibers of the facial N?

A
  • lacrimal gland
  • nose
  • palate
99
Q

what is innervated by the corda tympani branch?

A
  • sublingual gland

- submandibular gland

100
Q

what does the corda tympani merge into?

A

lingual N.

101
Q

what is the function of the corda tympani branch?

A

Special sense of taste: anterior 2/3 of the tongue

102
Q

what does the auditory nerve branch into?

A 
cochlear branch (hearing)
vestibular branch (balance)
103
Q

what nerve passes through the tongue and pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal N.

104
Q

what is the function of the glosso portion of the glossopharyngeal N?

A

• Sensory general and special (taste): to the posterior ½ of the tongue

105
Q

what is the motor innervation of the glossopharyngeal N. responsible for?

A

control of the muscles involved with swallowing

106
Q

what N. is responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal N

107
Q

how does the vagus nerve travel through the body?

A

travels between the internal jugular vein and the common cartoid A.

108
Q

what nerve does the vagus nerve merge with?

A

the cranial root of CN X1

109
Q

what are the branches in the neck that originate from the vagus nerve?

A
  • laryngeal recurrent n

- branches to the pharynx

110
Q

what is the function of the recurrent larygeal N?

A

Motor innervation to the vocal cords

111
Q

do the R/L recurrent larygeal N pass by the same pathways?

A

no, they have different pathways

112
Q 
what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the 
o	Cardiac plexus
o	Pulmonary plexus
o	Esophageal plexus
o	Foregut & midgut
A

vagus N.

113
Q

what nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx?

A

vagus N.

114
Q

how does the CN XI spinal portion merge with its cranial portion?

A

spinal contribution enters the skull via foramen magnum and will merge with the cranial portion which arises from the brainstem

115
Q

what does the spinal root of CN XI stem from?

A

Stems from upper 5 cervical spinal cord

116
Q

how does the spinal root of CN XI exit the skull?

A

Exits the skull and descends along the posterior sternocleidomastoid and passes

117
Q

what is the motor innervation provided by the CN XI?

A

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

118
Q

what is innervated by the hypoglossal N?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

119
Q

how is the tongue innervated?

A

bilaterally, hence Right brain controls left tongue and vice versa

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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