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ANAT 316 > mediastinum > Flashcards

mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

o Central compartment of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs

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2
Q

what border the mediastinum superiorly?

A

thoracic inlet

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3
Q

what border the mediastinum inferiorly?

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

what divides the inferior and superior mediastinum?

A

imaginary line drawn from the sternal angle to posterior thoracic wall between TIV/V vertebrae

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5
Q

what compartments is the inferior mediastinum broken down into?

A
  • Anterior
  • Middle
  • Posterior
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6
Q

what borders the anterior mediastinum anteriorly?

A

sternum

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7
Q

what borders the anterior mediastinum posteriorly?

A

fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

what borders the anterior mediastinum superiorly?

A

imaginary line between the sternal angle and TIV/TV

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9
Q

what borders the anterior mediastinum inferiorly?

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

what is contained within the anterior mediastinum?

A

lymph node
loose connective tissue
thymus gland

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11
Q

what is the thymus gland

A

• Lymphoid organ involved in the development of the immune system

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12
Q

is the thymus gland greater in adults or in children?

A

• Larger in children, begins to shrink during puberty and gets replaced by adipose tissue

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13
Q

what borders the superior mediastinum superiorly?

A

thoracic inlet

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14
Q

what borders the superior mediastinum inferiorly?

A

imaginary lines between the sternal angle and TIV/V

anteriorly: Manubrium

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15
Q

what borders the superior mediastinum anteriorly?

A

Manubrium

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16
Q

what borders the superior mediastinum posteriorly?

A

thoracic vertebral column

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17
Q

what organs are contained within the superior mediastinum?

A

trachea
esophagus
thymus (sometimes)

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18
Q

what arteries are contained within the superior mediastinum?

A

aortic arch
brachiocephalic trink
L. cartoid A.

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19
Q

what veins and lymph vessels are contained within the superior mediastinum?

A

SVC
brachiocephalic veins
thoracic duct

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20
Q

what nerves are contained within the superior mediastinum?

A

vagus N.
recurrent laryngeal N
phrenic N.

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21
Q

where are the vagus N. found in the superior mediastinum?

A

between the internal jugular and common cartoid A.

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22
Q

which reccurent laryngeal nerve is typically seen in the superior manubrium?

A

left one mostly

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23
Q

why is the right recurrent laryngeal N,. not always seen in the superior mediastinum?

A

because it branches off the vagus N. more superiorly thus dosent always dip into it.

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24
Q

which structure sits anterior to the other? vein or artery and why?

A

veins sits anterior to Arteries as protection

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25
Q

In relation to the hilum of the lungs where does the phrenic N. pass?

A

anteriorly

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26
Q

In relation to the hilum of the lungs where does the vagus N. pass?

A

posteriorly

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27
Q

what borders the middle mediastinum posteriorly?

A

posterior border of the pericardial sac

28
Q

what borders the middle mediastinum anteriorly?

A

anterior border of the pericardial sac

29
Q

what borders the middle mediastinum superior?

A

imaginary line between the sternal angle to TIV/TV

30
Q

what borders the middle mediastinum inferior?

A

diaphragmn

31
Q

what organs are contained in the middle mediasternum?

A
  • heart in pericardial sac
  • tracheal bifurcation
  • pulmonary bronchi
32
Q

what arteries are contained in the middle mediasternum?

A

roots of the ascending aorta

pulmonary trunk and A.

33
Q

what vessels and lymphe vessels are contained in the middle mediasternum?

A

roots of SVC
pulmonary veins
azygous vein

34
Q

what nerves are contained in the middle mediasternum?

A

phrenic N.

35
Q

where are the primary bronchi in the middle mediastinum?

A

found along the superior border of the middle mediastinum

36
Q

what borders the posterior mediastinum inferior?

A

diaphragm

37
Q

what borders the posterior mediastinum superior?

A

imaginary line between the sternal angle to TIV/TV

38
Q

what borders the posterior mediastinum posteriorly?

A

posterior thoracic wall & vertebral column

39
Q

what borders the posterior mediastinum anteriorly?

A

posterior surface of the pericardium

40
Q

what organs are contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A

esophagus

41
Q

what arteries are contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A

thoracic aorta

42
Q

relative to the posterior mediastinum, where does the descending aorta sit?

A

towards the left of it

43
Q

what veins and lymphatic vessels are contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A

From left to right

  • hemiazygous vein
  • thoracic duct
  • azygous vein
44
Q

what nerves are contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A

vagus nerve

45
Q

into what does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

left venous angle

46
Q

what is the cisterna chyli?

A

dilated lymphatic sac which sits to the right of the abdominal aorta (L1/L2)

47
Q

where do the vagus nerves pass through in the mediastinum?

A

posterior to the hilum of the lung on their way to the abdomen

48
Q

what nerve gives rise to the left recurrent laryngeal N?

A

left vagus N

49
Q

how does the left recurrent laryngeal N travel?

A

as it wraps around the arch of the aorta from anterior to posterior near ligamentum arteriosum, ascends to laynx

50
Q

where does the L. recurrent laryngeal N sit relative to trachea and common cartoid A?

A

will sit lateral to trachea and medial to common cartoid A

51
Q

what forms the anterior vagal trunk?

A

L. recurrent laryngeal N.

52
Q

where does the anterior vagal trunk travel?

A

anterior surface of the esophagus and will descend into the thorax and contribute to plexuses

53
Q

which Vagus N. is more prone to being pinched? why?

A

left vagal N.

 More prone to pinching or injury to it position as it is wrapped around the aorta

54
Q

which reccurent laryngeal N. comes down lower in the thorax?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal N.

55
Q

how does the Right vagus N. transition into the right recurrent laryngeal N.?

A

it wraps around the right subclavian A from anterior to posterior and Ascends to larynx between the trachea and common carotid A.

56
Q

what does the right recurrent larygeal N. become once it travels posterior to the esophagus?

A

posterior vagal trunk

57
Q

what does impingement of the recurrent laryngeal N. lead to

A

hoarseness of the voice

58
Q

what (mediastinal) does the esophagus travel trough

A

posterior and middle mediastinum

59
Q

how does the esophagus enter the abdomen? at what level?

A

T10

60
Q

what passes through the caval hiatus? at what level?

A

IVC

T8

61
Q

what passes through the aortic hiaatus? at what level?

A

aorta

T12

62
Q

what form the pulmonary plexus?

A

anterior: right vagus N
posterior: left vagus N.

63
Q

where does the thoracic duct ascend?

A

ascends to the right abdominal aorta and enter throax via aortic hiatus

64
Q

where is the thoracic duct located?

A

between azygous vein and thoracic aorta, deep to esophagus

65
Q

what is the function of the thoracic duct?

A

Functions to empty into the venous system of the left venous angle

66
Q

what parts of the body are drained by the thoracic duct?

A

lower limbs to thorax, then left side of the chest, neck, head and UL

67
Q

what drains the right side of the head, neck, chest and UL?

A

right lymphatic duct

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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